Kommentar zu Kelim 14:2
מַקֵּל שֶׁעָשָׂה בְרֹאשׁוֹ מַסְמֵר כְּמִין חַזְיָנָא, טָמֵא. סִמְּרוֹ, טָמֵא. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, עַד שֶׁיַּעֲשֶׂה בוֹ שְׁלֹשָׁה סְדָרִים. וְכֻלָּן שֶׁעֲשָׂאָן לְנוֹי, טְהוֹרִין. עָשָׂה בְרֹאשׁוֹ מְנִיקָת, וְכֵן בַּדֶּלֶת, טְהוֹרָה. הָיְתָה כְלִי וְחִבְּרָהּ לוֹ, טְמֵאָה. מֵאֵימָתַי הִיא טָהֳרָתָהּ, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, מִשֶּׁיְּחַבֵּל. בֵּית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, מִשֶּׁיְּחַבֵּר:
Ein Stab, an dessen Ende er eine Nadel wie ein Adze anbrachte, ist anfällig für Verunreinigungen. Wenn er es mit Nägeln besetzte, ist es anfällig für Verunreinigungen. Rabbi Shimon sagt: [es ist nicht Gegenstand], bis er drei Reihen macht. In allen Fällen ist der Stab rein, wenn er sie als Ornament einsetzt. Wenn er ein Rohr an seinem Ende gemacht hat, und so auch im Fall einer Tür, ist es rein. Wenn es einmal ein unabhängiges Schiff war und dann am Personal befestigt wurde, bleibt es anfällig für Verunreinigungen. Wann wird es rein? Beit Shammai sagt: wenn es beschädigt ist; Bet Hillel sagt: Wenn es verbunden ist.
Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
חזינא (a cane with a metal knob) – it is the practice to make at the top of a staff [something] like a ball of iron and it is called a חזינא. And all the servants of the king of Egypt today carry in their hands these staffs. And we call them ALDBOM in Arabic. But sometimes when they stick in them nails, in order that they would strike with them a hard and mighty blow.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Kelim
Introduction
Our mishnah deals with various metal objects that are attached to a wooden staff. The wooden staff itself has no receptacle and is therefore not susceptible to impurity. The question is: does the metal instrument attached to it cause it to be susceptible.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
שלשה סדרים – [three rows] of nails, and then it is considered a vessel. But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Shimon.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Kelim
A staff to the end of which he attached a nail like an axe is susceptible to impurity. I have translated the word for the instrument describe as being affixed at the end of the staff as "axe" but there are other explanations. The Rambam, for instance, says that it was a round piece of iron that looked like a pomegranate. In any case, as long as this vessel has some function, it is susceptible.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
שעשאן לנוי (which one affixed for ornament) – as for example, that he made it with thin, sculpted nails in order to make the staff beautiful.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Kelim
If the staff was studded with nails it is susceptible to impurity. Rabbi Shimon ruled: only if he put in three rows. The staff studded with nails is clearly a weapon. According to Rabbi Shimon it must have a minimum of three rows of nails for it to be susceptible.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
טהור – it is metal that serves the wood, as it is taught above [Tractate Kelim, Chapter 13, Mishnah 6: “metal that serves the wood] is pure.” But when he made them to beat and/or to strike, this is wood that serves the metal, and it is ritually impure.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Kelim
In all cases where he put them in as ornamentation the staff is clean. In all of the above cases, if the metal vessels were attached to the wooden staff only for decorative purposes, the staff is still clean. There must be some functional reason they were adjoined for it to be susceptible.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
מניקת (metal siphon) – like a kind of metal tube and inserted the staff in it.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Kelim
If he attached a tube to its end, and so also in the case of a door, it is clean. If it was once an independent vessel and then it was fixed to the staff, it remains susceptible to impurity. The metal tube was attached to the end of the staff for decorative purposes, and therefore the staff is still pure. Similarly, if one attaches a tube to a door so that the door doesn't get worn down by the ground, the metal tube is pure. This is a case where a metal vessel serves a wooden vessel and as we learned in 13:6, such metal vessels are pure. If the tube was once an independent vessel, used for instance to pour liquids (see 9:6) and then he attached it to the staff, it retains its ability to become impure.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
וכן בדלת – under the door in order that it not eat into the ground.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Kelim
When does it become pure? Bet Shammai says: when it is damaged; And Bet Hillel says: when it is joined on. This section is a continuation of section four. When does a tube that was once an independent vessel and was now attached to a staff lose its susceptibility to impurity? Bet Shammai says that it must be damaged sufficiently so that it can no longer be used. Bet Hillel says that as soon as it is attached to the staff or door, it is susceptible. Interestingly, it seems that the opinion in section four is closer, if not identical to Bet Shammai, for Bet Hillel holds that as soon as the tube is attached to the door or staff, it is pure.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
היתה כלי – that this tube was a vessel on its own, and he attached it to the staff and after that it was attached, it is appropriate to use it as a vessel.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
[טמאה – it is susceptible to receive ritual impurity, and it is impure as it was].
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
מאימתי היא טהרתה – the metal siphon that was defiled, from when does it become pure and leaves its [state of] defilement.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
משיחבל (from the moment he batters – the tube, for fitting it into the top of the staff) – from when he ruins it and lessens its form/shape.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
משיחבר – from when he attaches it to the door or to a staff and affixes it with nails, that it will no longer be used on the vessel, it has already cancelled the name of a vessel from it, and it has left its [state of] spiritual uncleanness.
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