Человек не может воздерживаться от (мицвы) рода, если у него нет детей. Бет Шаммай говорит: два мужчины, [производя это от Моисея, который отделился от своей жены после того, как он родил двух мужчин.] И Бет Гилель говорит: мужчина и женщина, пишется (Бытие 1:27): «Мужчина и женщина Он создал их ". [И Моисей не может служить прецедентом, потому что он действовал по Божественному указу.] Если кто-то женился на женщине и жил с ней десять лет, не имея детей, он не может отказаться (от мицвы). [Как мы находим с Авраамом. Прожив с Сарой десять лет и не имея детей, он женился на Агаре. Время, в течение которого он жил с ней за пределами Эрец-Исраэль, не учитывается, поскольку жизнь за пределами земли могла способствовать (ее бездетности). И все время, когда мужчина или женщина больны, или заключены в тюрьму, или в любом другом состоянии, где сожительство запрещено, это не входит в десятилетний период.] Если он развелся с ней, ей разрешается жениться на другой. [Ибо это (бездетность) может быть связано не с ней, а с ним. И когда он разводится с ней, он дает ей (сумму) ее кетуба, если она утверждает, что это из-за его "не стреляет как стрела". И мы налагаем на нее запрет, если она знает иначе и выдвигает против него ложные требования.] Второй разрешено прожить с ней десять лет. И если она выкидывает, он считает от времени, когда она выкидывает. Мицва зачатия детей ложится на мужчину, а не на женщину, [написано (Бытие 1:27): «Будь плодотворным и умножайся… и подчиняйся ему» («векившухах»). Это написано с дефектом, без вавы после голени (подразумевая, что обращаются только к одному и что мицва порождения переходит к мужчине, «покорителю» женщины.)] Р. Йоханан б. Б'рока сказал: Об обоих (мужчине и женщине) написано (там же, 28): «И благословил их Бог, и сказал им Бог: плодитесь и размножайтесь». [Галаха не соответствует с ним.]
Jerusalem Talmud Megillah
“And the Ninth of Av.” 132This paragraph also is in Ta`aniot 4:9, Notes 370–377. Rebbi Jeremiah in the name of Rebbi Ḥiyya, it should have been logical that one should fast on the Tenth, since on it it was burned. Why on the Ninth? Because the calamity started on it. So it was stated, on the Seventh they entered, on the Eighth they were misbehaving in it, on the Ninth they started the fire, and on the Tenth it was burned. Rebbi Joshua ben Levi fasted Ninth and Tenth. Rebbi Levi fasted on the Ninth and the night of the Tenth. Rebbi Abba bar Zavda in the name of Rebbi Ḥanina: Rebbi wanted to uproot the Ninth of Av but they did not let him. Rebbi Eleazar said to him, I was with you but it was not said so, but Rebbi wanted to uproot the Ninth of Av which fell on a Sabbath but they did not let him. He said, because it was pushed aside, let it be pushed aside. They said to him, let it be pushed to the next day. In a similar case, that which we stated there: “Rebbi Joḥanan ben Beroqa said, for both of them it says, God blessed them and God said to them, be fruitful and multiply133Gen. 1:28., etc.” Rebbi Eleazar in the Name of Rebbi Ḥanina: Practice follows Rebbi Joḥanan ben Beroqa. Rebbi Abba bar Zavda said to him, I was with you and it was only said, if she asks to be married the law is on her side. He said about them, two are better than one134Eccl. 4:9..
MISHNAH: A man should not rest from being fruitful and multiply unless he has children. The House of Shammai say two males, but the House of Hillel say a male and a female, as it is said “male and female He created them110Gen. 1:27..” If he married a wife and she stayed with him for ten years and had no child he is not permitted to rest. If he divorced her111He also might take a second wife., she is permitted to marry another and the second [husband] is permitted to stay with her for ten years, and if she had a miscarriage she counts from the moment of the miscarriage. The man is commanded to be fruitful and multiply but not the woman. Rebbi Joḥanan ben Beroqa said, for both of them it says “God blessed them and God said to them, be fruitful and multiply,112Gen. 1:28.” etc.
370This paragraph also appears in Megillah1:6 (מ). Rebbi Jeremiah in the name of Rebbi Ḥiyya, it should have been logical that one should fast on the Tenth, since on it our God’s Temple was burned. Why on the Ninth? Because the calamity started on it3712K. 25:8.. So it was stated, on the Seventh they entered, on the Eighth they were misbehaving in it, on the Ninth they started the fire, and on the Tenth it was burned372Babli 29a, Tosephta 3:10.. Rebbi Joshua ben Levi fasted Ninth and Tenth. Rebbi Abun fasted Ninth and Tenth. Rebbi Levi fasted on the Ninth and the night of the Tenth. Rebbi Abba bar Zavda in the name of Rebbi Ḥanina: Rebbi wanted to uproot the Ninth of Av but they did not let him373Babli Megillah 5b.. Rebbi Eleazar said to him, I was with you but it was not said so, but Rebbi wanted to uproot the Ninth of Av which fell on a Sabbath but they did not let him. He said, because it was pushed aside, let it be pushed aside. They said to him, let it be pushed to the next day. In a similar case, that which we stated there374Mishnah Yebamot 6:6.: “Rebbi Joḥanan ben Beroqa said, for both of them it says, God blessed them and God said to them, be fruitful and multiply375Gen. 1:28., etc.” Rebbi Eleazar in the Name of Rebbi Ḥanina: Practice follows Rebbi Joḥanan ben Beroqa. Rebbi Abba bar Zavda said to him, I was with you and it was only said, if she asks to be married the law is on her side376If a woman is married childless for ten years she may ask the court to force her husband to give her a divorce with full payment of her ketubah. In her application to the court she must state that her request is in order to be able to marry another man (who implicitly is supposed to be more fertile than the first.) In the Babli Yebamot 65b she is required to state explicitly that she wants to marry another man in order to have children who will be able to care for her in her old age.. He said about them, two are better than one377Eccl. 4:9..