Комментарий к Маасер шени 3:9
מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי שֶׁנִּכְנַס לִירוּשָׁלַיִם וְנִטְמָא, בֵּין שֶׁנִּטְמָא בְאַב הַטֻּמְאָה, בֵּין שֶׁנִּטְמָא בִּוְלַד הַטֻּמְאָה, בֵּין בִּפְנִים בֵּין בַּחוּץ, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, יִפָּדֶה וְיֵאָכֵל הַכֹּל בִּפְנִים, חוּץ מִשֶּׁנִּטְמָא בְּאַב הַטֻּמְאָה בַּחוּץ. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, הַכֹּל יִפָּדֶה וְיֵאָכֵל בַּחוּץ, חוּץ מִשֶּׁנִּטְמָא בִּוְלַד הַטֻּמְאָה בִּפְנִים:
Маасер Шени, который вошел в Иерусалим и стал нечистым, стал ли он нечистым от Ав Хатума [мертвого существа, переносящего наивысший уровень нечистоты], или стал нечистым от Велад ха Тумаха [чего-то, что коснулось мертвого существа и передает нижний уровень нечистоты], будь то в [Иерусалиме] или за пределами [Иерусалима], Бейт Шаммай говорит, что его следует искупить и есть полностью внутри [Иерусалима], если только он не стал нечистым от Ав Хатума за пределами [Иерусалима]. Бейт Гилель говорит, что все это следует выкупить и съесть за пределами [Иерусалима], если только оно не стало нечистым от Велад А-Тума в [Иерусалиме].
Bartenura on Mishnah Maaser Sheni
באב הטומאה – a reptile and something that died of itself and similar things.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Maaser Sheni
Introduction
As we have learned many times, maaser sheni can be redeemed only outside of Jerusalem. Once in Jerusalem it must be eaten. However, this applies only to pure maaser sheni. Impure maaser sheni, which cannot be eaten and must be redeemed, can be redeemed in Jerusalem.
Our mishnah deals with what is done with the impure maaser sheni produce which was redeemed after it had already been brought into Jerusalem. While this produce is no longer maaser sheni (because it was redeemed) it was maaser sheni when it was brought into Jerusalem, and generally one cannot take maaser sheni out of Jerusalem once it has been brought in. The question is: does this prohibition still apply?
The mishnah mentions “principal defilements” and “secondary defilements.” I don’t think it is necessary to explain these concepts here, just to say that the defilement caused by principal defilements is more serious than that caused by secondary defilement.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Maaser Sheni
בולד הטומאה – this offspring/secondary cause of the defilement as it is taught in our Mishnah is not the offspring of a defilement that came in contact with the original/direct causes of Levitical uncleanness which is impure from the Torah, but the offspring/secondary cause of defilement is from the Rabbis, such as that which came in contact with utensils that were defiled by liquids.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Maaser Sheni
Second tithe which was brought into Jerusalem and became unclean, whether it became unclean by a principal defilement or by a secondary defilement, whether it became unclean within [Jerusalem] or outside:
Bet Shammai says: it must all be redeemed and be eaten within except that which became unclean by a principal defilement outside. Bet Shammai says that in all the cases referred to in the mishnah, the maaser sheni must be redeemed and then eaten inside Jerusalem, except for the case of maaser sheni that was made impure by a principal defilement before it came into Jerusalem. This produce was seriously defiled before it came into Jerusalem and therefore the walls of Jerusalem don’t “absorb it.” This means that coming within the walls of Jerusalem doesn’t count as far as prohibiting it from leaving Jerusalem. In the other cases, the walls do absorb the maaser sheni and it cannot be taken out.
Bet Shammai says: it must all be redeemed and be eaten within except that which became unclean by a principal defilement outside. Bet Shammai says that in all the cases referred to in the mishnah, the maaser sheni must be redeemed and then eaten inside Jerusalem, except for the case of maaser sheni that was made impure by a principal defilement before it came into Jerusalem. This produce was seriously defiled before it came into Jerusalem and therefore the walls of Jerusalem don’t “absorb it.” This means that coming within the walls of Jerusalem doesn’t count as far as prohibiting it from leaving Jerusalem. In the other cases, the walls do absorb the maaser sheni and it cannot be taken out.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Maaser Sheni
יפדה – of Second Tithe that was defiled, we redeem it even in Jerusalem, as it is written (Deuteronomy 14:24): “[Should the distance be too great for you,] should you be unable to transport them….” And there is no שאת/transport other than food, as it is written (Genesis 43:34): “Portions were served them from his table; [but Benjamin’s portion was several times that of anyone else]…”.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Maaser Sheni
But Bet Hillel says: it must all be redeemed and may be eaten outside except that which became unclean by a secondary defilement within. Bet Hillel rules more leniently. In all of these cases the redeemed maaser sheni may be brought out of Jerusalem except where the maaser sheni contracted a lesser degree of impurity within Jerusalem. This produce was pure when it was brought into Jerusalem and only contracted a lesser degree of impurities. Therefore, it has to be eaten in Jerusalem. However, in all cases where the maaser sheni became impure before coming into Jerusalem and in cases where it contracted a serious type of impurity within Jerusalem, it can be brought out of Jerusalem and eaten there.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Maaser Sheni
ויאכל הכל בפנים – that they don’t say we saw Second Tithe that entered into Jerusalem and also went out, because there is a “voice” for [Second] Tithe that leaves, but we should not be fear that when he redeems it, lest they say, “We saw Second Tithe that was redeemed in Jerusalem,” for there is no “voice” for that which is redeemed.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Maaser Sheni
חוץ משנטמא באב הטומאה בחוץ – for since it entered when it was impure, the partition does not absorb it.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Maaser Sheni
חוץ משנטמא בולד הטומאה בפנים – but if it had been defiled with the offspring/secondary cause of the defilement outside [of Jerusalem] even though it was defiled with the offspring/secondary cause of the defilement according to the Rabbis, but from the Torah it is pure, he should eat it outside. And in the Jerusalem Talmud, he establishes it like the case where they brought them in on the condition that the partitions would not absorb it, but if he did not make the condition, since it came into [Jerusalem], behold it is pure according to the Torah and he can eat it inside [Jerusalem].
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