Если он увидел метсию и упал на нее, а другой пришел и завладел ею, последний приобретает ее. [Это так только в том случае, если метсия находилась в общественном достоянии, поскольку четыре локтя человека не приобретают для него общественное достояние. Поэтому тот, кто овладевает им, приобретает его. Но в переулке, который является путем для одного человека, или по сторонам общественного достояния, где нет прессы людей, каждый из четырех локтей приобретает для него любую метсию и объект Хефкера, близкие ему в этом пространстве, и никто другой не имеет права захватывать его—раввинский указ, чтобы предотвратить раздоры.] Если он видел, как они (мужчины) бегут за метсией, после «сломанного» оленя, [который не может бежать и «охраняется» в поле, если другие его не принимают, и который metziah], и после птиц, которые не могут летать, и он сказал: «Мое поле приобрело (их) для меня», оно приобретает (их) для него. [Это при условии, что он стоит сбоку от своего поля и может бежать за ними и добраться до них, прежде чем они покинут поле.] Если олень бегал нормально или птицы летали, он сказал: «Мое поле приобрело (их ) для меня ", он ничего не сказал.
Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia
זה שהחזיק בה זכה בה – and especially when the lost object was in the public domain, since the four cubits [surrounding] a person do not acquire for him in the public domain, the person who takes hold of it acquires title to it. But in an alley/recess (adjoining an open place to which merchants retire to transact business; alternatively: market stand under a colonnade), which is the path of an individual, or on the sides of the public domain where many are not crowding there, the four cubits of a person take possession for any found object and any ownerless object that is near him is considered like four cubits, and another person may not take seize it. And the Rabbis decreed this so people would not come to quarrel.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Bava Metzia
If a man saw lost property and fell upon it and someone else came along and seized it, he that seized it acquired it. If a person saw a lost object and fell upon it in an attempt to take the object, and someone else came along and took it before the other person got to it, the person that took it gets to keep it. In the previous mishnah we learned that merely a person’s saying that he wished to take the object does not cause it to belong to him. In our mishnah we learn that even physically making a move to get it is also insufficient. The lost object is not his until he actually takes possession.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia
אחר צבי שבור – which is incapable of running and is well-guarded in the field (i.e., fenced in), if others will not take it, it is like a found object.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Bava Metzia
If a man saw people running [in his field] after lost property [such as] a deer with a broken leg, or pigeons that couldn’t fly, and he said, “My field acquires [them] for me”, he has acquired them. But if the deer was running normally or the pigeons flying, and he said, “My field acquires [them] for me”, he has said nothing. In this section we learn that under certain circumstances a person’s field can acquire something for him. In such a case the animal is acquired not by physical possession by the claimant but by the animal being on his field. If the person sees people running after a lost object in his field and that lost object cannot move off his field he can acquire it by saying that his field acquires it. If, however, the animal can run or fly and therefore is not “stuck” on the person’s field, the field cannot acquire the animal. In other words in order for the field to acquire the animal on behalf of its owner three conditions must be fulfilled: 1) other people have not claimed it (in the mishnah others are running after it but have not reached it; 2) the animal is physically unable to leave the field; 3) the owner of the field makes a claim of acquisition over the animal.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia
זכתה לו – and he stands at the side of his field, and as such is able to run after them and reaches them before they leave from his field.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Bava Metzia
Questions for Further Thought: Mishnah four: If my animal runs onto another person’s field and the other person claims that his field acquires the animal for him, does the animal now belong to him? How can you figure out the answer to this question from the mishnah?
