Если чей-то долг был удален (и есть свидетели, которые видели, как он стирается (т. Е. Теряет свое впечатление) о себе или размывается водой), он обеспечивает для него свидетелей [которые знают, когда он был написан и что было написано. ], и они удостоверяют это [перед бет-дином, написав для него все, что было написано в этом законопроекте, а именно.]: «Этот человек, сын этого человека — его счет был стерт в тот и этот день, и этот человек, и этот человек являются его свидетелями ".] Если кто-то заплатил часть своего долга, Р. Иегуда говорит: он должен обменять его. [т.е. он должен разорвать этот счет и другой должен быть написан для баланса.] Р. Йосси говорит: Он должен написать квитанцию. Р. Йосси сказал: «Тогда этот [заемщик] должен охранять свою квитанцию от мышей!» [Ибо, если она потеряна кредитор может потребовать весь долг!] Р. Йосси сказал ему: «Для него [кредитора] так лучше» [чтобы заемщик был обязан охранять свою квитанцию, чтобы он спешил погасить (весь) долга], и власть этого [кредитора] не должна быть ослаблена [необходимостью написать еще один вексель (задолженности). Поскольку дата его (первоначального) долга была раньше, а теперь (с новым векселем) она будет позже, и он сможет захватить связанное имущество только со времени второго счета. Галаха в соответствии с Р. Йосси, что квитанция написана.]
Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Batra
מי שנמחק שטרו – and there were witnesses who saw when it was blotted out on its own, or smudged by water.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Bava Batra
Introduction
Mishnah six discusses a loan document that has been erased and one that has been partially repaid.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Batra
מעמיד עליו עדים – that know from when it was written and what was written in it, and they make for him an attestation before a Jewish court and they write for him everything that had been written in that document.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Bava Batra
If a man’s debt document was erased, he must have witnesses testify with regards to the loan, and come before the court to make this attestation: “So and so, the son of so and so, his debt document was erased on such and such a day, and so and so and so and so are his witnesses.” If a creditor’s debt document was damaged, for instance through water, he needs to bring to the court witnesses to testify to the original loan. The court will then draw up a new document which he will subsequently be able to use to recover his loan.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Batra
יחליף – he should tear the document and write another according to the remaining balance.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Bava Batra
If a man had paid part of his debt, Rabbi Judah says: “He should exchange the debt document for a new one.” Rabbi Yose says: “He should write a receipt.” Rabbi Judah said: “It turns out that this one (the will have to guard his receipt from mice.” Rabbi Yose said to him: “That’s good for him, as long as the rights of the other (the have not been damaged. We mentioned in the previous mishnah the problem created when a man pays back part of his loan. In this mishnah two other solutions are offered. Rabbi Judah says that a new loan document should be written. Rabbi Yose says that the creditor should write a receipt. Rabbi Judah tells Rabbi Yose that the problem with writing a receipt is that the debtor will have to guard it from being eaten by mice. If the debtor loses the receipt the creditor will be able to fully collect the debt. (Normally when a person pays back a debt the document would be torn up so that it would not be used again.) Rabbi Yose says that his solution (writing a receipt) is better because writing a new document will damage the rights of the creditor. The rights referred to here are the lien that exists on the creditors property. The lien is effective from the day that is written on the document. In other words any property owned by the debtor on the day mentioned in the debt document has on it a lien and therefore the creditor could collect that property should the debtor default. If between the day on which the original document was written and the day of the rewriting, the debtor has lost property, a later date on the document will damage the creditor’s ability to collect on his loan.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Batra
נמצא זה – the borrower needs to guard his receipt from the mice, for if he loses it, the creditor will collect all of his liability.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Bava Batra
Questions for Further Thought: • Is there any consistency in the opinions of Rabbi Yose and Rabbi Judah as they appear in this mishnah and in the previous one? • Why is Rabbi Judah concerned that a debtor will lose his receipt but evidently not concerned that a creditor will lose the debt document?
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Batra
אמר רבי יוסי וכן יפה לו – to the creditor, for the borrower must guard his receipt and hurry to pay him back, and no harm will come to the creditor to write another document that had an advanced time for the liability [to be paid off] and that he returns now and he would not be able to seize the sold property unlawfully other than from the time of the second document. And the Halakha is according to Rabbi Yosi that we write a receipt.
