Если яин несеч упал на виноград, он его ополаскивает [в холодной воде], и они разрешаются. Если они были разделены, они запрещены. [(Наш Мишна неисправен. Его учили (после того, как «они запрещены»), таким образом: «И если это привносит вредный вкус, то это разрешается».] И это случилось [таким образом] с Байтусом, сыном Зонина, который он перевозил высушенным фиги в лодке, и кувшин йаин несеч разбился и упал на них, и он спросил [галаху] мудрецов, и они разрешили им. Это правило: все, что в его наслаждении включает в себя [запрещенный] Запрещен аромат. Все, что в его наслаждении не включает в себя передачу запрещенного аромата, разрешается, например, когда [запрещенный] уксус падает на разрешенную крупу, [в этом случае прививаемый аромат является безвредным. (И это, когда Крупа кипит, когда уксус падает на них, и в этом случае он портит их от начала до конца. Есть четыре типа привнесенных ароматов: 1) аромат, который полезен от начала до конца, такой как (запрещенный) вино в приготовленная плоть или рыба. Это запрещено определенно. 2) вкус, который является вредным для здоровья от начала до конца, например, из (запрещенных) рыбьих жиров или (запрещенных) мяса в мёде. Это разрешено ab initio. 3) вкус, который вначале вреден для здоровья, но полезен в конце, например, (запрещенный) мед в вине, который портит его с самого начала, но придает ему аромат и вкус, как только вино приобретает господство над ним. 4) аромат, который полезен в начале, но не полезен в конце, такой как вкус мяса с маслом или в этом (то есть, аромате) сосуде, не (использованном) в тот же день, который ( аромат), когда он вошел был благотворным, а позже стал полезным. Эти (последние) два запрещены вне сомнения. Поэтому, если эти крупы, в которые упал уксус, не закипели, они запрещены вне всякого сомнения. Для уксуса в (не вареной) крупе (вначале) полезно и (затем) полезно. И хотя, если он потом их вскипятит, вкус испорчен, это пример усиления, а затем порчи, и это запрещено (вне всякого сомнения).]
Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah
ידיחם – with cold water.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Avodah Zarah
Introduction
Mishnah two discusses yen nesekh that falls on other food items. The question is whether or not this causes the food to become prohibited.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah
מעשה בבייתוס בן זונין – The Mishnah is deficient, and should be read as follows (regarding dried figs and a barrel of libation wine was broken and the wine fell upon them): that if it imparts a deteriorating taste, it is permissible and it happened that Baitus ben Zunin who brought dried figs on a ship and the jug of libation wine broke upon them, and this incident came before the Sages and they permitted them.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Avodah Zarah
If yen nesekh fell upon grapes, one may rinse them and they are permitted, but if they were split they are prohibited. If it fell upon figs or upon dates, should there be in them [sufficient wine] to impart a flavor, they are prohibited. If yen nesekh falls upon grapes, the grapes may be washed and then they are permitted. Since the yen nesekh does not have any effect on the taste of the grapes, they are permitted. If, however, the grapes were split open, then the wine could seep into them and effect their taste. In this case it is not possible to wash away the potential taste of the wine and therefore the grapes are forbidden.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah
כל שהוא בהנאתו בנותן טעם – that a person benefits from the taste of something prohibited.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Avodah Zarah
It happened with Boethus ben Zpnin that he carried dried figs in a ship and a cask of yen nesekh was broken and it fell upon them; and he consulted the Sages who declared them permitted. This is the general rule: whatever derives advantage [from yen nesekh by its] imparting a flavor is prohibited, but whatever does not derive advantage [from yen nesekh by its] imparting a flavor is permitted, as, for example vinegar which fell upon split beans. If yen nesekh falls on other types of foods, such as dates or figs, the food becomes prohibited only if the wine improves the flavor of the food. The mishnah mentions a story of a person who carried figs and yen nesekh on a ship. When one of the casks of wine broke on the figs he asked the Sages if the figs were still permissible, and they permitted them. Since the wine does not improve the flavor of the figs, the person has not derived benefit from the wine and therefore the figs are permitted. This general rule, that the wine causes the food to be forbidden only if it imparts a good flavor is stated specifically in the next lines of the mishnah. The mishnah concludes with an example of another situation in which the taste is not improved, when vinegar (which comes from wine) falls on split beans.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah
כל שאין בהנאתו בנותן טעם – he does not benefit from the taste of something prohibited.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah
כגון חומץ – of something prohibited that fell into a dish of pounded grains that is permitted which imparts a deteriorating taste, and this is when the dish of pounded grains is boiling at the time that the vinegar fell into them, for then it impairs them from the beginning to the end. And there are four kinds of imparting of taste: There is a taste that improves it from the beginning to the end such as the example of wine in a cooked dish of meat or of fish. And this is forbidden a definite prohibition. And there is a taste that is deteriorating from the beginning until the end such as the example of a fatty, oily substance of fish or of meat with honey, and this is permitted ab initio. And there is something that is deteriorating from the beginning, but improves it at the end, such as the example of honey in wine which does damage to it at its time but when it tarries in it until the strength of the wine will do damage to it. The honey provides it taste and smell. And there is something that improves [its taste] [at the beginning] and at the end, as in the case of the fat of meat with butter or the taste is absorbed in the utensil which is not of the same day which improves it as it enters into it, and afterwards it deteriorates, and these two are prohibited from doubt. Therefore, if the dish of these pounded grains that vinegar fell into them which were not scalding hot, they are forbidden from doubt, since the vinegar in a dish of pounded grains early improves the flavor, and even though they improve its flavor, afterwards, it impairs it. It improves and at the end impairs and is forbidden.
