Comentário sobre Maasser Sheni 2:4
כַּרְשִׁינֵי מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי, יֵאָכְלוּ צִמְחוֹנִים, וְנִכְנָסִין לִירוּשָׁלַיִם וְיוֹצְאִין. נִטְמְאוּ, רַבִּי טַרְפוֹן אוֹמֵר, יִתְחַלְּקוּ לְעִסּוֹת, וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, יִפָּדוּ. וְשֶׁל תְּרוּמָה, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, שׁוֹרִין וְשָׁפִין בְּטָהֳרָה, וּמַאֲכִילִין בְּטֻמְאָה. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, שׁוֹרִין בְּטָהֳרָה, וְשָׁפִין וּמַאֲכִילִין בְּטֻמְאָה. שַׁמַּאי אוֹמֵר, יֵאָכְלוּ צָרִיד. רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, כָּל מַעֲשֵׂיהֶן בְּטֻמְאָה:
As ervilhas amargas Ma'aser Sheni devem ser comidas [quando ainda estão] em botão, e podem ser levadas para Jerusalém e para fora dela. Se eles ficarem impuros, o rabino Tarfon diz que eles devem ser divididos em pedaços de massa; e os Sábios dizem que podem ser redimidos. E aqueles Terumah [ azevinhos amargos], Beit Shammai, dizem que devem ser ensopados e raspados em pureza, e podem ser comidos em impureza. E Beit Hillel diz que eles devem estar embebidos em pureza e podem ser raspados e comidos em impureza. Shammai diz, eles devem ser comidos secos. O rabino Akiva diz que tudo o que é feito [deve ser feito] em impureza.
Bartenura on Mishnah Maaser Sheni
כרשיני – In the Arabic language, KARS’NA, and they are not food for humans other than in an emergency in the years of famine.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Maaser Sheni
Vetches of second tithe may be eaten when still tender. Like the fenugreek we learned about in yesterday’s mishnah, vetches are eaten when soft and young. When they grow they are no longer used for human consumption and are given to animals. So when they are young, one can use maaser sheni money to buy them, but not when they age.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Maaser Sheni
ונכנסים לירושלים ויוצאים – Even though that with the rest of produce, we hold that Second Tithe that goes into Jerusalem, one is not able to take it out from there, concerning vetches/horse-beans, they were lenient.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Maaser Sheni
And they may be brought into Jerusalem and taken out again. Normally, once maaser sheni has been brought into Jerusalem, it cannot be taken out. Vetches are exceptional since when they age they become animal food.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Maaser Sheni
יתחלקו לעיסות – and they are not like the rest of [Second] Tithe that was became impure that we redeem them and even in Jerusalem, but vetches/horse-beans, since they are not human food, we don’t redeem them, as Rabbi Tarfon holds, we don’t redeem the sanctified things to feed them to dogs. Therefore, we divide them among pure lumps of dough of Second Tithe and we place in each lump of dough from these vetches/horse beans that were defiled a little bit by a little bit less than the size of an egg, for he who eats [a quantity] less than the size of an egg is not defiled from others nor does he defile others and as such he eats them.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Maaser Sheni
If they became unclean: Rabbi Tarfon says: they must be divided among pieces of dough. But the sages say: they may be redeemed. Maaser sheni that has become impure can usually be redeemed for money, in the same way that pure maaser sheni can. This is the sages’ opinion. Rabbi Tarfon holds that maaser sheni vetches that have become impure can no longer be redeemed for money, because it would be disgraceful to redeem them and then feed them to animals. Therefore, what one can do is divide the vetches up and bake them into impure loaves of bread and eat them while they are impure. This was something that was normally done, perhaps to make their flour last a bit longer. In this way the inedible vetches become fit for human consumption. If he wants to mix them in with pure dough, then he would have to put in less than the volume of an egg of vetches into each batch of dough. In this way the dough would remain pure.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Maaser Sheni
וחכ"א יפדו – like the rest of Second Tithe [they should be redeemed] and the Halakha is according to the Sages.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Maaser Sheni
[Vetches] of terumah: Bet Shammai says: they must be soaked and rubbed in a state of purity, but may be given as food [to an animal] in a state of impurity. Bet Hillel says: they must be soaked [only] in a state of purity, but they may be rubbed and given as food [to an animal] in a state of impurity. Shammai says: they must be eaten dry [only]. Rabbi Akiba says: whatever is done with them may be done in a state of impurity. Bet Shammai says that when it comes to terumah vetches, if they are being soaked and rubbed in order to eat them, the person doing so must be in a state of purity. If they are being fed to an animal, the person may be impure. Bet Hillel holds that only the soaking needs to be done in a state of purity. If he is rubbing them, then according to Bet Hillel he is preparing them for animal food and he need not be pure. Shammai himself rules that terumah vetches should not be soaked at all, because that would cause them to be susceptible to impurity. Bet Shammai and Bet Hillel both allow one to soak the vetches, as long as one does so in a state of purity. It is interesting that Bet Shammai rules differently from their eponymous ancestor Shammai, and that the latter is stricter than his own school. It seems that we can note a movement toward leniency in this matter, from Shammai who rules most strictly, to Rabbi Akiva, who rules most leniently and allows one to be impure even when soaking terumah vetches. Since they are mostly used for animal food, even the vetches that are used to feed humans are not subject to the rules of terumah and once can always make them impure.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Maaser Sheni
שורין – [soak them] in water and rub them into the meat in ritual purity, with the washing of the hands, since [one’s mere] hands are second-degree of Levitical uncleanness which invalidate the Priest’s due.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Maaser Sheni
ומאכילין – to cattle
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Bartenura on Mishnah Maaser Sheni
יאכלו צריד – (See also, Mishnah Eduyot, Chapter 1, Mishnah 8) [The word צריד ] is the language of “dry matter,” such as the dry-matter of meal offerings (Tractate Pesahim 20a), which is the place of the meal-offering where the oil did not reach it; that is to say, it should be eaten dry, so that liquid should not be upon them at the time of eating, in order that they would be not recognized as susceptible to receive defilement.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Maaser Sheni
כל מעשיהם בטומאה – and even soaking. But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Akiba.
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