Com essas coisas, o chazakah obtém [se ele "segurava" o campo do próximo em relação a eles, é um chazakah] e, com essas coisas, o chazakah não obtém: Se ele mantinha no pátio um animal, um forno, um fogão, um moinho; se ele criou galinhas lá ou colocou seu fertilizante ali, não é um chazakah. [Este tanna está falando de um pátio de parceiros, onde eles não se opõem a (os outros) manterem um animal ou algo semelhante. Por esse motivo, não é um chazakah, mesmo que alguém o tenha mantido por esse propósito por três anos.] Mas se ele fizesse uma partição para sua besta com dez pedaços de mão, e assim por um forno e por um moinho; e se ele trouxe galinhas para a casa (do vizinho), ou fez um local para seu fertilizante com três (pés de mão) de profundidade ou três (pés de mão) de altura, é um chazakah. [Nesse caso, certamente alguém se oporia, de modo que se ele permanecesse em silêncio por três anos e não protestasse, certamente seria um chazakah. Maimonides explica que, com um parceiro, que se opõe à montagem de uma partição, se o parceiro fez uma partição e ele não se opôs, é um chazakah imediatamente. Mas com um em geral (ou seja, não é um parceiro), mesmo que ele tenha feito uma partição e o outro não tenha protestado, não é um chazakah até depois de três anos.]
Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Batra
שיש להם חזקה – if he had taken possession of his fellow land for this purpose for three years, it is considered possession.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
English Explanation of Mishnah Bava Batra
Introduction
The mishnah which we will learn today continue to deal with establishing ownership by possession (chazakah), the subject of the entire third chapter. Our mishnah teach the types of activities which if done for three consecutive years without the protest of the owner of the land, house or courtyard or courtyard, may continue to be done afterwards, even if the owner were to protest. For instance if Reuven does a certain activity on Shimon’s property for three years and Shimon does not protest, he cannot do so at a later date.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Batra
היה מעמיד במהתו בחצר – this Tanna/teacher is speaking of a jointly owned courtyard, where they are not strict with each other concerning keeping cattle [in the courtyard] and other similar things. And because of this, it is not considered a presumption of possession even though he had possessed that thing for three years.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
English Explanation of Mishnah Bava Batra
What are usages which are effective in establishing title through possession and what are usages which are not effecting in establishing title through possession? If a man put a beast in a courtyard, or an oven or stoves or mill-stones, or reared fowl [in a courtyard] or put his manure in a courtyard, this is not effective in establishing title through possession. But if he built for his beast a partition ten hand-breadths high, so too for an oven, so too for a stove, so too for a mill-stone, [or] he brought fowl inside the house, or prepared for his manure a place three hand-breadths deep or three hand-breadths high, this is effective in establishing title through possession. Our mishnah lists certain type of acts which if done on another person’s property for three consecutive years, acquire automatic subsequent permission to continue to do the activity. In other words, after three years there is an assumption that the owner of the property does not mind the other person doing these activities, and he therefore loses his right to subsequently protest. In section 1a we learn that placing an animal or other object in another’s courtyard will not cause entitlement to do so. For instance if Reuven were to use Shimon’s courtyard for three years as a place for his animal and Shimon were not to protest, Shimon would still retain the right to protest later. In section 1b we learn that if Reuven had built a structure on the property of Shimon, and Shimon had not protested for three years, Shimon now loses the right to protest. We assume that if Reuven used the property for such a long time in such a substantial manner, than it is does not bother Shimon and he cannot later change his mind.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Batra
אבל אם עשה מחיצה וכו' – for in such a manner, he is definitely strict. If he had been silent about this for three years and didn’t protest, it is considered possession. But Rabbi Moshe ben Maimonuni commented that a joint owner who is strict about making a partition and no one protested immediately is considered possession. But even though he made a partition, as a mere individual and no one protested, it is not considered possession until after three years.
