Komentarz do Maser seni 3:6
פֵּרוֹת שֶׁנִּגְמְרָה מְלַאכְתָּן וְעָבְרוּ בְתוֹךְ יְרוּשָׁלַיִם, יַחֲזֹר מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי שֶׁלָּהֶן וְיֵאָכֵל בִּירוּשָׁלָיִם. וְשֶׁלֹּא נִגְמְרָה מְלַאכְתָּן, סַלֵּי עֲנָבִים לַגַּת וְסַלֵּי תְאֵנִים לַמֻּקְצֶה, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, יַחֲזֹר מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי שֶׁלָּהֶם וְיֵאָכֵל בִּירוּשָׁלַיִם. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, יִפָּדֶה וְיֵאָכֵל בְּכָל מָקוֹם. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר מִשּׁוּם רַבִּי יוֹסֵי, לֹא נֶחְלְקוּ בֵית שַׁמַּאי וּבֵית הִלֵּל עַל פֵּרוֹת שֶׁלֹּא נִגְמְרָה מְלַאכְתָּן, שֶׁיִּפָּדֶה מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי שֶׁלָּהֶם וְיֵאָכֵל בְּכָל מָקוֹם. וְעַל מַה נֶחְלְקוּ, עַל פֵּרוֹת שֶׁנִּגְמְרָה מְלַאכְתָּן, שֶׁבֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, יַחֲזֹר מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי שֶׁלָּהֶם וְיֵאָכֵל בִּירוּשָׁלָיִם. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, יִפָּדֶה וְיֵאָכֵל בְּכָל מָקוֹם. וְהַדְּמַאי, נִכְנָס וְיוֹצֵא וְנִפְדֶּה:
Owoce, które przechodzą przez Jerozolimę po całkowitym przygotowaniu: ich Ma'aser Sheni należy przywieźć z powrotem i zjeść w Jerozolimie. Ale jeśli nie zostały one w pełni przygotowane, jak kosze winogron skierowane do tłoczni lub kosze z figami skierowane do suszarni: Beit Shammai mówi: ich Ma'aser Sheni musi zostać przyniesiony i zjedzony w Jerozolimie. Beit Hillel mówi: może to odkupić i zjeść wszędzie. Rabin Szimon ben Yehuda mówi w imieniu rabina Josiego: Beit Shammai i Beit Hillel nie spierali się co do owoców, które nie zostały w pełni przygotowane; [obaj zgodzili się], że może odkupić ich Ma'aser Sheni i zjeść je wszędzie. A raczej, z czym się nie zgadzają? Nie zgadzali się co do owoców, które zostały w pełni przygotowane: Beit Shammai mówi: ich Ma'aser Sheni musi zostać sprowadzony z powrotem i zjedzony w Jerozolimie. Beit Hillel mówi: może to odkupić i zjeść wszędzie. A Demai może wejść i wyjść i zostać odkupionym.
Bartenura on Mishnah Maaser Sheni
שנגמרה מלאכתן – for tithing, as is taught in the first chapter of [Tractate] Maaserot (Mishnah 5): “When is their harvesting time to make them liable for tithing?”
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
English Explanation of Mishnah Maaser Sheni
Introduction
In yesterday’s mishnah we learned that maaser sheni produce that has been in Jerusalem cannot be taken out again. Today we learn about regular produce that has not yet been tithed and has entered Jerusalem. Can the maaser sheni from that produce be brought in and taken out of Jerusalem?
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Maaser Sheni
ועברו בתוך ירושלים – while they were still forbidden eatables, pending the separation of Levitical and priestly gifts (טבל).
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
English Explanation of Mishnah Maaser Sheni
Produce whose processing was completed and it passed through Jerusalem, its second tithe must be brought back and eaten in Jerusalem. Produce becomes liable for tithes once its processing has been completed (this was the main topic of tractate Maasrot). So if its processing has been completed its tithes are in a sense already in it, they just have not yet been separated. Therefore, if one brings such produce into Jerusalem, this is similar to a case of bringing second tithe into Jerusalem. And as we learned in yesterday’s mishnah, once maaser sheni produce is brought into Jerusalem, it cannot be brought out. If he does bring this produce out, he cannot redeem it and eat it outside of Jerusalem. He must bring it back and eat it in Jerusalem.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Maaser Sheni
יחזור מעשר שני שלהן – he should return their Second Tithes, for he holds that gifts that were not separated as offering (i.e., to be consecrated), are also like those which were consecrated, the sacred precincts [of Jerusalem] have retained it (and it cannot be redeemed and taken out of Jerusalem again – see Makkot 19b) for Second Tithe.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
English Explanation of Mishnah Maaser Sheni
If its processing had not been completed, [such as] baskets of grapes [that were going] to the wine-press or baskets of figs [that were going] to the drying-place: Bet Shammai says: its second tithe must be brought back and be eaten in Jerusalem. But Bet Hillel says: it may be redeemed and eaten anywhere. If the processing had not been completed, for instance the grapes were on their way to being pressed or the figs were on their way to being dried, then Bet Shammai and Bet Hillel debate whether the maaser sheni that will eventually be taken out of the produce has to be brought back to Jerusalm. Bet Shammai says that this situation is the same as that in section one. Produce has future maaser sheni in it, even though the produce has not yet become liable for tithes. Therefore, it can no longer be taken out of Jerusalem. If it is taken out of Jerusalem, he can’t redeem the maaser sheni; he must bring it back to Jerusalem and eat it there. Bet Hillel holds that since the produce had not yet become liable for tithes, we don’t look at it as if maaser sheni had been brought into Jerusalem. When he separates the maaser sheni produce, he can redeem it and eat it wherever he wants.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Maaser Sheni
ושלא נגמרה מלאכתן – such as baskets of grapes for the vat for wine pressing, etc., but baskets of grapes for eating, have been completely harvested.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
English Explanation of Mishnah Maaser Sheni
Rabbi Shimon ben Judah says in the name of Rabbi Yose: Bet Shammai and Bet Hillel did not disagree concerning produce whose processing had not been completed that its second tithe may be redeemed and be eaten anywhere. Rabbi Shimon ben Judah relates a different version of the debate between Bet Shammai and Bet Hillel. According to this version, both sides are more lenient than in the previous version and both agree that if the processing of the produce had not yet been completed, that the maaser sheni from the produce can be redeemed and eaten wherever he wants.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Maaser Sheni
למוקצה – a place where we spread the dates out to dry which is called the storage of fruits/מוקצה.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
English Explanation of Mishnah Maaser Sheni
What did they disagree about? About produce whose processing was completed. Bet Shammai says that its second tithe must be brought back and be eaten in Jerusalem. And Bet Hillel says that it may be redeemed and be eaten anywhere. Rather the two houses disagree about a case where the processing has been completed. Here Bet Hillel is even more lenient than they were according to the version of their opinion found in section one. Bet Hillel holds that even if the processing had been completed, the maaser sheni eventually taken from it can be redeemed and eaten anywhere. According to this, the only time that Bet Hillel would say that produce cannot be taken out of Jerusalem would be if it was actual maaser sheni produce, not produce whose maaser sheni had not yet been taken out of it. Bet Shammai disagrees and holds that in this case, when the maaser sheni is taken out of the produce, it must be brought into Jerusalem and eaten there.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Maaser Sheni
רבי שמעון בן יהודה אומר וכו' – He thinks that according to the School of Hillel, gifts that were not separated as offering (i.e., to be consecrated) are not like similar to those which were consecrated; alternatively, even if they were similar to those consecrated, these words refer to [the matter] of the remainder of things, but since the matter of the sacred precincts [of Jerusalem] retaining them is Rabbinic, the School of Hillel is liberal. But the Halakha is according to Rabbi Shimon ben Yehuda, for the Schools of Shammai and Hillel did not disagree other than on fruit which had not completely harvested, according to the words of the First Tanna/teacher of the Mishnah.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
English Explanation of Mishnah Maaser Sheni
[The second tithe of] demai may [always] be brought in and taken out again and be redeemed. Demai produce (for a definition of demai see above, mishnah three) that has been brought into Jerusalem can always have its maaser sheni redeemed outside of Jerusalem and eaten anywhere, because this maaser sheni is only “doubtful” maaser sheni. Since the tithes may have been taken out of it already, it might not have been necessary to take out maaser sheni at all. Therefore, we can be lenient.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Maaser Sheni
והדמאי – eatables forbidden pending the separation of sacred gifts that had been doubtfully tithed.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Maaser Sheni
נכנס – to Jerusalem
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Maaser Sheni
ויוצא ונפדה – outside of Jerusalem after it had left, and one is not required to return it [to Jerusalem]. And this concluding segment of the Mishnah, according to the first teacher [of the Mishnah] is necdssary and is according to the School of Hillel.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy