Komentarz do Maser seni 1:1
מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי, אֵין מוֹכְרִין אוֹתוֹ, וְאֵין מְמַשְׁכְּנִין אוֹתוֹ, וְאֵין מַחֲלִיפִין אוֹתוֹ, וְלֹא שׁוֹקְלִין כְּנֶּגְדּוֹ. וְלֹא יֹאמַר אָדָם לַחֲבֵרוֹ בִּירוּשָׁלַיִם, הֵילָךְ יַיִן וְתֶן לִי שָׁמֶן. וְכֵן שְׁאָר כָּל הַפֵּרוֹת. אֲבָל נוֹתְנִין זֶה לָזֶה מַתְּנַת חִנָּם:
Ma'aser Sheni [druga dziesięcina, która musi być spożywana w Jerozolimie]: nie może być sprzedana, nie może być zastawiona, nie może być wymieniona ani zważona. Człowiek nie powinien mówić swojemu przyjacielowi w Jerozolimie: „Oto wino, a daj mi oliwę”. Dotyczy to również wszystkich innych owoców. Ale można go podarować drugiemu jako darmowy prezent.
Bartenura on Mishnah Maaser Sheni
מעשר שני אין מוכרין אותו – even carrying it to Jerusalem since it is holy. And the anonymous Mishnah is according to Rabbi Meir who said that the Second Tithe money belongs to On High [i.e., God].
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English Explanation of Mishnah Maaser Sheni
Introduction
The Torah calls maaser sheni “holy” (Leviticus 27:30). Our mishnah teaches that it must be treated as holy produce and not as one would treat hullin, non-sanctified food.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Maaser Sheni
אין מחליפין אותו – He should not say to him [his fellow]: Here is wine and give me oil; [or here is] oil and give me wine.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Maaser Sheni
Second tithe: one may not sell it, use it as a pledge, exchange it, or use it as a weight. It is forbidden to act in any of these ways with maaser sheni because this is how one might typically treat non-sacred produce one sells it, uses it as a pledge to secure a loan, and one exchanges it with friends. “Using it as a weight” does not refer to actually weighing maaser sheni but rather it refers to using maaser sheni whose weight is known as a counterweight on a scale. The mishnah is probably referring to maaser sheni coins which were exchanged for the maaser sheni produce.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Maaser Sheni
ואין שוקלין כנגדו – A Selah’s-worth of unconsecrated food in exchange for a Selah’s worth of Second Tithe, because of the despising of the commandment [involved].
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English Explanation of Mishnah Maaser Sheni
One may not say to his friend [even] in Jerusalem: “Here is [second tithe] wine, give me [in exchange] oil, and the same with all other produce. This section emphasizes that one cannot exchange maaser sheni products one for another, even if one is in Jerusalem, where maaser sheni must be brought. Again, this is not considered a respectful act and shouldn’t be done with maaser sheni.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Maaser Sheni
ולא יאמר אדם לחבירו בירושלים – Above we are speaking about outside of Jerusalem, but here it comes to teach us that even in Jerusalem when we purchase with its value food or drink, one is not permitted to exchange them.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Maaser Sheni
But people may give it to one another as a free gift. Giving maaser sheni to another person as a present, when one does not expect anything in return, is not disgraceful and therefore it may be done.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Maaser Sheni
וכן שאשר כל הפירות – Even their fruits of [Second] tithe themselves, for it is not other than a Rabbinic ordinance.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Maaser Sheni
אבל נותנים זה לזה מתנת חנם – such as when one invites him to eat with him at his table, which are the words of all [opinions] , but to give him an actual gift is prohibited, according to the one who says that a gift is like a sale.
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