Komentarz do Awoda zara 4:2
מָצָא בְרֹאשׁוֹ מָעוֹת, כְּסוּת אוֹ כֵלִים, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ מֻתָּרִין. פַּרְכִּילֵי עֲנָבִים וַעֲטָרוֹת שֶׁל שִׁבֳּלִים וְיֵינוֹת וּשְׁמָנִים וּסְלָתוֹת וְכָל דָּבָר שֶׁכַּיּוֹצֵא בוֹ קָרֵב עַל גַּבֵּי הַמִּזְבֵּחַ, אָסוּר:
Jeśli ktoś znajdzie na głowie pieniądze, ubranie lub naczynia, jest to dozwolone. [To znaczy, jeśli nie zostaną tam umieszczone w celu dekoracji, jak wtedy, gdy pieniądze są w sakiewce przewieszonej przez szyję, ubranie złożone i umieszczone na ramieniu lub na głowie, a także naczynia umieszczone na głowie, wszystko nie umieszcza się ich tam w celach dekoracyjnych]. Kiście winogron, wieńce z uszu, wina, oleje i mąki oraz wszystko, co podobne jest ofiarowane na ołtarzu, jest zabronione.
Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah
מצא בראשו – of Merkulis.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Avodah Zarah
If he found on top [of a mercurius] a coins or a garment or utensils behold these are permitted;
[But if he found] grape-clusters, wreaths of grain, [gifts of] wine, oil or fine flour, or anything resembling what is offered upon the altar, such is prohibited.
Mishnah two continues to discuss items that are found in proximity to the mercurius idol, and whether or not these items are assumed to have been used in idolatrous worship and therefore prohibited.
In the previous mishnah we learned that one typical way of worshipping the mercurius idol was to lay stones next to it. In today’s mishnah we see ways in which mercurius was not worshipped. It was not worshipped by having money, clothes or other vessels laid next to it. Since this is not typical mercurius worship, it is permitted for Jews to use these items.
However, if anything that is normally sacrificed is found next to a mercurius, these items are forbidden to Jews. Since these items are generally used in idol worship, and evidently also in the worship of mercurius, they are forbidden if they are found in proximity to the idol.
[But if he found] grape-clusters, wreaths of grain, [gifts of] wine, oil or fine flour, or anything resembling what is offered upon the altar, such is prohibited.
Mishnah two continues to discuss items that are found in proximity to the mercurius idol, and whether or not these items are assumed to have been used in idolatrous worship and therefore prohibited.
In the previous mishnah we learned that one typical way of worshipping the mercurius idol was to lay stones next to it. In today’s mishnah we see ways in which mercurius was not worshipped. It was not worshipped by having money, clothes or other vessels laid next to it. Since this is not typical mercurius worship, it is permitted for Jews to use these items.
However, if anything that is normally sacrificed is found next to a mercurius, these items are forbidden to Jews. Since these items are generally used in idol worship, and evidently also in the worship of mercurius, they are forbidden if they are found in proximity to the idol.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah
מעות כסות או כלים מהרין אלו מותרין – and this as long as they are not placed for adornment [such as, for example], that the monies were placed in a pouch tied and suspended from it on its neck. Folded clothing folded up and placed on its shoulder, or on its head. Utensils also placed on its head, and wall of these are not in the manner of adornment.
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