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שָׁאַל פְּרוֹקְלוֹס בֶּן פִלוֹסְפוֹס אֶת רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל בְּעַכּוֹ, שֶׁהָיָה רוֹחֵץ בַּמֶּרְחָץ שֶׁל אַפְרוֹדִיטִי, אָמַר לוֹ, כָּתוּב בְּתוֹרַתְכֶם, וְלֹא יִדְבַּק בְּיָדְךָ מְאוּמָה מִן הַחֵרֶם. מִפְּנֵי מָה אַתָּה רוֹחֵץ בַּמֶּרְחָץ שֶׁל אַפְדוֹדִיטִי. אָמַר לוֹ, אֵין מְשִׁיבִין בַּמֶּרְחָץ. וּכְשֶׁיָּצָא אָמַר לוֹ, אֲנִי לֹא בָאתִי בִגְבוּלָהּ, הִיא בָאתָה בִגְבוּלִי, אֵין אוֹמְרִים, נַעֲשֶׂה מֶרְחָץ לְאַפְרוֹדִיטִי נוֹי, אֶלָּא אוֹמְרִים, נַעֲשֶׂה אַפְרוֹדִיטִי נוֹי לַמֶּרְחָץ. דָּבָר אַחֵר, אִם נוֹתְנִין לְךָ מָמוֹן הַרְבֵּה, אִי אַתָּה נִכְנָס לַעֲבוֹדָה זָרָה שֶׁלְּךָ עָרוֹם וּבַעַל קֶרִי וּמַשְׁתִּין בְּפָנֶיהָ, וְזוֹ עוֹמֶדֶת עַל פִּי הַבִּיב וְכָל הָעָם מַשְׁתִּינִין לְפָנֶיהָ. לֹא נֶאֱמַר אֶלָּא אֱלֹהֵיהֶם. אֶת שֶׁנּוֹהֵג בּוֹ מִשּׁוּם אֱלוֹהַּ, אָסוּר. וְאֶת שֶׁאֵינוֹ נוֹהֵג בּוֹ מִשּׁוּם אֱלוֹהַּ, מֻתָּר:

Proclus, syn Plosposa, zapytał R. Gamliela w Acco, kiedy kąpał się w łaźniach Afrodyty [(gdzie był wizerunek gwiazdy Wenus; a więc Rambam)]: „Jest napisane w twojej Torze (Powtórzonego Prawa 13:18) : „I niech nic z łupu nie przylgnie do twojej ręki”. Dlaczego więc kąpiesz się w łaźniach Afrodyty? " Odpowiedział: „Nie odpowiada się (na pytania Tory) w łaźni” [(bo stoi tam nagi)]. Kiedy wyszedł, powiedział do niego: „Nie przekroczyłem jej granicy (Afrodyty); ona weszła w moją granicę” [tj. Łaźnia była tam wcześniej niż ona, a łaźnia została stworzona dla wszystkich, którzy przyszli kąpać się] i [inna odpowiedź]: „Nie mówimy: zróbmy łaźnię jako ozdobę dla Afrodyty [łaźnia nie jest ozdobna], ale„ Uczyńmy Afrodytę jako ozdobę dla łaźnia ”, [Afrodyta jest drugorzędna w stosunku do łaźni]. Inna wskazówka (że Afrodyta została tam umieszczona jako ozdoba, a nie do kultu):„ Nawet jeśli dali ci dużo pieniędzy (za to), nie chodziłbyś do swojego bałwochwalstwa nago lub po (nasiennym) wydzielinie i nie oddawałeś przed nim moczu. Jednak ta (Afrodyta) stoi przed kanałem (ściekowym), a wszyscy ludzie oddają mocz przed nim (co wskazuje, że Afrodyta została tam umieszczona dla ozdoby, a nie dla kultu). Jest napisane (że nie możesz czerpać korzyści z ) „ich bogowie” (Powtórzonego Prawa 12: 2). Żyd nie może (czerpać korzyści) z tego, co postrzega jako boga; ale może (czerpać korzyści) z tego, czego nie postrzegają jako boga (ale jako ozdobę).

Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah

אפרודטי – a representation of the planet Venus. This is what Maimonides/Rambam, of blessed memory, explained.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Avodah Zarah

Proclos, son of a plosphos, asked Rabban Gamaliel in Acco when the latter was bathing in the bathhouse of aphrodite.
He said to him, “It is written in your torah, ‘let nothing that has been proscribed stick to your hand (Deuteronomy 13:18)’; why are you bathing in the bathhouse of Aphrodite?”
He replied to him, “We do not answer [questions relating to torah] in a bathhouse.”
When he came out, he said to him, “I did not come into her domain, she has come into mine. People do not say, ‘the bath was made as an adornment for Aphrodite’; rather they say, ‘Aphrodite was made as an adornment for the bath.’
Another reason is, even if you were given a large sum of money, you would not enter the presence of your idol while you were nude or had experienced seminal emission, nor would you urinate before it. But this [statue of Aphrodite] stands by a sewer and all people urinate before it. [In the torah] it is only stated, “their gods” (Deuteronomy 12:3) what is treated as a god is prohibited, what is not treated as a deity is permitted.

This mishnah contains a famous story of a discussion between Proclos, a Greek philosopher and Rabban Gamaliel, the Jewish patriarch.
In order to understand this mishnah we must remember that Roman and Greek society would have been full of statues. Indeed, anywhere a Jew turned his head, he probably saw a statue, often a statue of a god or goddess. If the Jews were to adopt an overly strict attitude towards these statues, and consider them idols, Jews would effectively be prohibited from taking part in most of Greco-Roman society, including such communal institutions such as the bathhouse, roads, bridges and marketplaces. In this mishnah Rabban Gamaliel shows a remarkable degree of flexibility and accommodation to this situation.
The story begins with Proklos, the son of Plosphos (this may be the word for philosopher) pointing out that the Torah forbids Rabban Gamaliel’s being in Aphrodite’s bathhouse. Rabban Gamaliel responds that it is not appropriate to respond in the bathhouse.
When they leave the bathhouse Rabban Gamaliel answers Proklos’s question. The bathhouse was not made for Aphrodite. Rather it was made for the public use and Aphrodite was merely placed there as adornment. As such, Rabban Gamaliel’s presence in the bathhouse is not a form of worship to Aphrodite, as it would be in her temple. Furthermore, people do not say that the bathhouse was made to adorn Aphrodite. Rather she is ancillary to the bathhouse and it is the central structure.
Rabban Gamaliel further points out that if this sculpture of Aphrodite were truly considered to be a goddess, people would not walk naked in front of her, or have seminal emissions or urinate. Such actions are signs of disrespect, which would not be appropriate in front of a goddess. When the Torah states that a Jew is commanded to destroy idols, the intent is to destroy idols that are treated as gods, and not those that are treated with disrespect.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah

אין משיבין – words of Torah in the bathhouse, for a person stands naked there.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah

היא באתה בגבולי – for the bathhouse preceded her, and the bathhouse was made for everyone who comes to bathe/wash. And there is another response that we don’t say: “Let us make a bathhouse of adornment for Aphrodite,” for a bathhouse is not a thing of adornment, but rather, “let us make Aphrodite an adornment for the bathhouse,” for Aphrodite uses the bathhouse, and it is secondary and she is essential.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah

ביב – a ditch made in the ground to remove waste-water that is poured into the public domain.
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