Pirkei Avoth 5:18 Commento: Bartenura, Rambam, Tosafot Yom Tov & Ikar Tosafot Yom Tov

כָּל הַמְזַכֶּה אֶת הָרַבִּים, אֵין חֵטְא בָּא עַל יָדוֹ. וְכָל הַמַּחֲטִיא אֶת הָרַבִּים, אֵין מַסְפִּיקִין בְּיָדוֹ לַעֲשׂוֹת תְּשׁוּבָה. משֶׁה זָכָה וְזִכָּה אֶת הָרַבִּים, זְכוּת הָרַבִּים תָּלוּי בּוֹ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים לג) צִדְקַת ה' עָשָׂה וּמִשְׁפָּטָיו עִם יִשְׂרָאֵל. יָרָבְעָם חָטָא וְהֶחֱטִיא אֶת הָרַבִּים, חֵטְא הָרַבִּים תָּלוּי בּוֹ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (מלכים א טו) עַל חַטֹּאות יָרָבְעָם (בֶּן נְבָט) אֲשֶׁר חָטָא וַאֲשֶׁר הֶחֱטִיא אֶת יִשְׂרָאֵל:

Se uno porta merito ai molti, il peccato non viene dalla sua mano, [in modo che non sia a Gehinnom e ai suoi discepoli a Gan Eden]; e se uno fa peccare i molti, non gli viene data l'opportunità di pentirsi, [così da non essere in Gan Eden e i suoi discepoli in Gehinnom.] Mosè fu meritorio e portò merito a molti [(Insegnò la Tora a tutti di Israele)]— il merito di molti è attribuito a lui, come è scritto (Deuteronomio 33:21): "Ha fatto la giustizia della L e [ha fatto] i suoi giudizi con Israele" [vale a dire, "I suoi giudizi che sono con Israele " — è come se lui (Mosè) li avesse fatti.] Yeravam peccò e fece peccare molti —il peccato di molti è attribuito a lui, come è scritto (I Re 15:30): "Per i peccati di Yeravam, che ha commesso e che ha fatto commettere ad Israele". [Non essere scritto "per i peccati di Yaravam e Israele" implica che tutto è attribuito a Yeravam.]

Bartenura

Sin does not result from him: So that he will not be in gehinnom and his students in the Garden of Eden.
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Rambam

And anyone who makes people straight, God, may He be blessed, will reward him by preventing him from transgression. And anyone who deceives people, God, may He be blessed, will punish him by preventing him from repentance. And this is clear and there is no difficulty in it, if you understand what we have outlined in the eighth chapter (Eight Chapters 8:14-16).
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Tosafot Yom Tov

WHOEVER BRINGS THE PEOPLE TO DO GOOD, NO SIN WILL COME ABOUT THROUGH HIM. Rav: in order that he shouldn’t end up in Gehinnom while his students are in the Garden of Eden. This is from the Talmud in Yoma 87a, which derives this from the verse “for you will not leave my soul to Sheol, and will not allow your devoted one to see destruction” (Psalms 16:10). The reading seems to be as follows: “you will not leave my soul” to come to sin, such that I will go “to Sheol”, because “you will not allow your devoted one to see destruction.” Now “your devoted one” is written as a plural, “your devoted ones”,233The ketiv or written text is chasidecha, while the keri or reading tradition is chasidcha. which means the students who did good through my instructions, so the end of the verse reads “you will not allow your devoted ones to see” me in “destruction” while they are in the Garden of Eden. And the word “to see” means specifically “to see” and not “to come”.234Indicating that the students in question are observing from a different point—the Garden of Eden—and have not themselves come to Gehinnom.
If so, we see that this is specifically when there are many students, as the verse says “your devoted ones”.
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English Explanation of Pirkei Avot

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English Explanation of Pirkei Avot

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