E questi possono lavare i vestiti su Chol Hamoed: uno che ritorna dall'estero, uno che viene liberato dalla prigionia, uno che viene liberato dalla prigione, uno che viene liberato dalla scomunica dai saggi; allo stesso modo, uno consultò un saggio [su Chol Hamoed] e fu assolto dal suo voto [di non lavare i vestiti.] (Questi possono essere lavati :) asciugamani per le mani [per lavarsi le mani mentre si mangia], fogli da barbiere, [che devono essere lavati regolarmente quando il barbiere viene a radersi quelli menzionati nella nostra Mishnah come autorizzati a radersi su Chol Hamoed] e asciugamani da bagno, [con i quali uno si asciuga quando lascia lo stabilimento balneare.] Zavin (uomini con una scarica genitale), zavoth , niddoth, alle donne che hanno appena partorito e a tutti coloro che salgono dall'impurità alla pulizia [su Chol Hamoed] è permesso [lavare i loro vestiti], e tutti gli altri sono vietati (per farlo). [E tutti i capi in lino possono essere lavati su Chol Hamoed in quanto richiedono un lavaggio costante. Perfino quelli lavati alla vigilia del festival diventano immediatamente insudiciati e devono essere lavati nel mezzo del festival, per cui non sono stati decretati. E se uno ha una sola veste, anche se non è di lino, può lavarla su Chol Hamoed. Questo, quando è nudo (con il petto) mentre lo lava, con i suoi leggings da solo per coprire le sue parti intime, dimostrando in tal modo che ha solo una veste, quella che sta lavando.]
Bartenura on Mishnah Moed Katan
ומי שנשאל לחכם – that he vowed not to launder his clothes and he appeared before a Sage on the Festival and he released him from his vow.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Moed Katan
Introduction
For the same reason that it is prohibited to shave/cut hair during the festival, it is also prohibited to wash one’s clothes the prohibition during the festival encourages people to wash their clothes before the festival. As was the case with yesterday’s mishnah, today’s mishnah lists the exceptions, those people who may wash their clothes because they could not have done so before the festival began.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Moed Katan
ומטפחות ידים – that they dry with the their hands at the time of eating.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Moed Katan
These may launder [their clothes] during the festival: one coming back from a trip abroad, or one coming out from a place of captivity, or coming out of prison, or one excommunicated whom the sages have released. This is the same list that appeared in section one of yesterday’s mishnah.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Moed Katan
ומטפחות ספרים – clothing/covering that the barbers give to those who get a haircut between his shoulders because of the hair. And when he comes to shave to those who are taught in the Mishnah who are permitted to shave on the Festival, it is necessary to always launder it.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Moed Katan
And similarly one who asked a sage [to be released from a vow] and was released. This is the same as the beginning of the second section of yesterday’s mishnah.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Moed Katan
מטפחות הספגין – that they dry with them when they leave from the bathhouse.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Moed Katan
Hand-towels, barber’s towels and bath-towels [may be laundered]. Towels which are used on a daily basis and will quickly become dirty may be laundered. “Barber’s towels” is somewhat of a strange category, considering the fact that most people should not be getting a haircut on the festival. Either this refers to towels used in cutting the hair of those few people who can get a haircut or alternatively the word for “barber” really means “books” the words are spelled the same but pronounced differently in Hebrew (sapar=barber; sefer=book). The mishnah would then refer to coverings of books, i.e Torah scrolls, which become dirty due to frequent usage. However, it seems strange to me that book coverings need to be washed with such urgency.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Moed Katan
וכל העולים מטומאה לטהרה – on the Festival, it is permitted to launder their clothes. And flax utensils, even of every person it is permitted to launder them on the Festival, for they need laundering frequently, and even that which was laundered on the eve of the Festival become soiled immediately and need laundering during the Festival, therefore, they did not make a decree concerning them. And whomever lacks other than one undershirt/garment, even if it is not made of flax is permitted to launder it on the Festival., and he who stands naked at the time of his laundering with only a girdle on his loins to cover the flesh of his nakedness for this proves that he lacks other than this undershirt/garment that he launders.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Moed Katan
Zavim and zavot, menstruants, and women who have given birth, and anyone going from a state of purity to impurity, are permitted [to launder their clothes]. This section refers to various people who have some sort of genital emission and therefore need to wash their clothes frequently. Zavim and zavot have some sort of unusual genital emission which would dirty their clothes. They are allowed to wash their clothes because it would not be seemly to force them to go around in public with stained clothing. People who become pure on the festival need to wash their clothes (Leviticus 11:25, 28; 14: 5, 47; Numbers 19:19). They are allowed to do so during the festival since they could not control the timing of their becoming pure.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Moed Katan
But everyone else is prohibited. The mishnah ends by emphasizing that other people may not launder their clothes on the festival. During the time of the mishnah laundering was heavy labor and was not done with great frequency. Hence, the festival should not be used as an opportunity to launder clothes.
