Se uno affitta una casa al suo vicino nella stagione delle piogge [senza specificare per quanto tempo], non può sfrattarlo da Succoth fino a Pesach. E, nella stagione secca, trenta giorni. [Cioè, se desidera sfrattarlo prima di Pesach, deve informarlo di quel (per) trenta giorni della stagione secca, cioè, dal quindicesimo di Elul, da cui ci sono trenta giorni fino a Succoth, che è l'inizio della stagione delle piogge. E se non lo ha istruito dal quindicesimo di Elul, non può sfrattarlo fino a Pesach (per cui comprendiamo che se si affitta una casa nella stagione secca senza specificare il tempo di affitto, deve informare l'inquilino (almeno) trenta giorni prima che lo sfratti.] E nelle città, [dove tutti sono desiderosi di vivere, e le case non sono prontamente disponibili per il noleggio, deve informarlo prima di sfrattarlo], sia nella stagione secca che nella stagione delle piogge, (a almeno) un anno (prima). [E proprio come il proprietario deve pre-apprendere, così deve l'inquilino. Nei villaggi, trenta giorni e nelle città, dodici mesi. E se non lo fa, non può partire, ma deve pagare l'affitto.] Per i negozi (il periodo di apprendistato) sia nei villaggi che nelle città è di dodici mesi R. Shimon B. Gamliel dice: (Il periodo di apprendistato) per i negozi di panetteria e tintoria è di tre anni. [Perché danno credito per periodi prolungati. L'halachah è conforme a R. Shimon b. Gamliel.]
Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia
המשכיר בית לחבירו – undefined.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Bava Metzia
This mishnah deals with how much warning a landlord must give his tenant before evicting him.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia
בימות הגשמים אינו יכול להוציאו מן החג ועד הפסח ובימות החמה שלשים יום – that is to say, if he comes to remove/evict him prior to Passover, that he must inform him thirty days from the days of the summer/heat, that is from the fifteenth of Elul for from there is thirty days until Sukkot/”the holiday” which is the beginning of the days of rainfall, and if he did not inform him from the fifteenth of Elul, he cannot evict him until Passover, and automatically we learn that he who rents a house, undefined, in the days of the summer/heat, he must inform him thirty days before he removes/evicts him (Bava Metzia 101b).
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English Explanation of Mishnah Bava Metzia
If one leased a house to his fellow in the rainy season, he cannot make him leave it [during the time] from Sukkot to Pesach. In the summer, [he must give him] thirty days [warning]. And in large cities, whether it is during the rainy season or the summer [he must give] twelve months [warning]. If he rented him a house in the winter, he cannot evict him from Sukkot (approximately October) till Pesach (approximately April). In Israel, where the Mishnah was composed, this is the rainy season. Since it would be difficult for the tenant to find a new house in the rainy season, and difficult for him to move while it is wet outside, he may not be evicted during this entire period. If it was during the summer and the house was rented in a small town, he need give him only 30 days warning before evicting him. If, however, he was in a large city he must give him 12 months warning. The assumption is that it will be more difficult to find new housing in a larger city where more people live.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia
ובכרכים – For everyone is drawn there to live and homes are not found to rent, he must inform him twelve months prior to evicting/removing him, whether during the days of summer/heat, whether during the rainy season, and just as he who rents out a home must inform him, so the renter must inform him (i.e., the owner) – in the villages thirty days and in the walled cities twelve months. And if he does not inform him, he cannot leave, but rather gives him his rent.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Bava Metzia
[If one leased] a shop [to his fellow], whether in large cities or small towns, [he must give] twelve months [warning]. Rabban Shimon ben Gamaliel says: “If it is a shop occupied by bakers or dyers [he must give] three years [warning]. If he rented him a store he must always give him twelve months, even during the summer in a small town (where if he had rented him a house he need only give thirty days warning). The reason is that a storekeeper needs time to collect his debts from his customers. Rabban Shimon ben Gamaliel points out that bakers and dyers will need three years warning. A likely reason for the need for such a long warning is that it is very difficult for a baker or dyer to move his equipment and find new accommodations.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Bava Metzia
Questions for Further Thought: Mishnah six: After whose interests is this mishnah concerned? The landlord or his tenant?
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia
של נחתומים ושל צבעים שלש שנים – because of the great credit for a long time. And the Halakha is according to Rabban Gamaliel.
