Commento su Bava Metzia 3:8
יוֹצִיא לוֹ שְׁתוּת לְיַיִן. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, חֹמֶשׁ. יוֹצִיא לוֹ שְׁלשֶׁת לֻגִּין שֶׁמֶן לְמֵאָה, לֹג וּמֶחֱצָה שְׁמָרִים, לֹג וּמֶחֱצָה בָּלַע. אִם הָיָה שֶׁמֶן מְזֻקָּק, אֵינוֹ מוֹצִיא לוֹ שְׁמָרִים. אִם הָיוּ קַנְקַנִּים יְשָׁנִים, אֵינוֹ מוֹצִיא לוֹ בָּלַע. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, אַף הַמּוֹכֵר שֶׁמֶן מְזֻקָּק לַחֲבֵרוֹ כָּל יְמוֹת הַשָּׁנָה, הֲרֵי זֶה מְקַבֵּל עָלָיו לֹג וּמֶחֱצָה שְׁמָרִים לְמֵאָה:
Ne deduce un sesto per il vino [se ha depositato vino con lui, e si è confuso con il suo vino. (Le navi assorbono un sesto.)] R. Yehudah dice: Un quinto. [Poiché la terra da cui furono costruite le navi nel luogo di R. Yehudah ne assorbì un quinto; tutto a seconda del luogo.] Dedica tre tronchi di petrolio a cento—un tronco e mezzo per le fecce; un tronco e mezzo per l'assorbimento. Se fosse olio raffinato, non detrae le fecce. Se fossero vecchie navi, non deduce l'assorbimento. R. Yehudah dice: Anche se uno vende olio raffinato al suo vicino tutti i giorni dell'anno, egli (il compratore) accetta (una detrazione di) uno e mezzo a cento per le fecce. [Proprio come hanno stipulato (una detrazione per) fecce per il depositante, così lo hanno stipulato per il venditore, vale a dire: se uno vende petrolio al suo vicino e gli dà dalle sue brocche olio raffinato che usa costantemente, l'acquirente accetta un deduzione di un tronco e mezzo ogni cento per le fecce. L'halachah non è conforme a R. Yehudah.]
Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia
English Explanation of Mishnah Bava Metzia
He may exact of him three logs in every one hundred logs of oil one log and a half for sediment and one log and a half for absorption. If the oil was refined he may not exact for sediment. If the jars were old he may not exact for absorption.
Rabbi Judah says: “Also if a man sells to his fellow through the year, the buyer must undertake to accept a reduction of one and a half logs because of sediment.
With wine and oil there are no reductions for mice, as there were with produce, but there are reductions due to sediment and absorption in the sides of the clay vessels which were used at the time. With wine the guardian may exact a reduction of one-sixth or one-fifth according to Rabbi Judah.
With regards to oil it depends on the type of jar and the type of oil. Regular oil is reduced 1½ per cent due to sediment, but refined oil does not produce any sediment and therefore reductions may not be exacted. Regulars jars absorb 1½ per cent but old jars, whose sides are more hardened and have already absorbed oil, do not absorb any oil. Therefore if the jars were old the guardian may not exact a reduction for absorption.
Rabbi Judah adds that not only may a guardian exact a reduction of 1½ per cent the oil returned to the owner, but so too may a person who sells refined oil. In other words if Reuven tells Shimon that he is selling him 100 logs of oil and then gives him refined oil, he only need give him 98 ½ logs since 1½ logs of regular oil would be worthless sediment anyway.