Mishnah
Mishnah

Commento su Bava Batra 6:7

מִי שֶׁהָיְתָה דֶרֶךְ הָרַבִּים עוֹבֶרֶת בְּתוֹךְ שָׂדֵהוּ, נְטָלָהּ וְנָתַן לָהֶם מִן הַצַּד, מַה שֶּׁנָּתַן נָתַן, וְשֶׁלּוֹ לֹא הִגִּיעוֹ. דֶּרֶךְ הַיָּחִיד, אַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת. דֶּרֶךְ הָרַבִּים, שֵׁשׁ עֶשְׂרֵה אַמָּה. דֶּרֶךְ הַמֶּלֶךְ, אֵין לָהּ שִׁעוּר. דֶּרֶךְ הַקֶּבֶר, אֵין לָהּ שִׁעוּר. הַמַּעֲמָד, דַּיָּנֵי צִפּוֹרִי אָמְרוּ, בֵּית אַרְבַּעַת קַבִּין:

Se un percorso pubblico [cioè, sempre usato dal pubblico] passava attraverso il proprio campo —Se lo ha preso e ne ha dato uno a parte, ciò che ha dato è dato e (ciò che ha preso) per se stesso non gli viene restituito. [E il pubblico (ora) ha due percorsi, essendo governato: "Un percorso tenuto dal pubblico non può essere sovvertito".] Un percorso privato è di quattro cubiti. [vale a dire, se uno vende al suo vicino un percorso in mezzo al suo campo, deve dargli (almeno) quattro cubiti. Un percorso pubblico è di sedici cubiti. La via del re non ha limiti. [Perché un re può "rompere le recinzioni" davanti a lui per farsi strada da solo.] Il percorso [su cui si è portati] alla tomba non ha limiti. [Questa è un'ordinanza rabbinica di rispetto per i morti. Non che quelli che accompagnano il corpo possano "violare le recinzioni", come può fare un re, ma possono passare sul terreno seminato e non hanno bisogno di deviare di lato.] (Se uno vende il suo vicino) un ma'amad (sito), i giudici di Sepphoris dicono: (Deve dargli almeno un'area di quattro cabine [vale a dire, trentatre cubiti e due volantini in larghezza di cinquanta cubiti di lunghezza. Al posto del ma'amad (lett. "in piedi") , avrebbero eseguito sette posizioni e sette sedute al loro ritorno seppellendo i morti, corrispondenti alle sette "Vanità" all'inizio del libro di Koheleth.]

Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Batra

מי שהיתה דרך [הרבי'] עוברת בתוך שדהו – the masses always presumed to be able to pass through there.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Bava Batra

If a public path passed through a man’s field and he took it and gave them [another path] by the side of the field, what he has given he has given and what he has taken for himself does not become his.
A private path is four cubits. A public path is sixteen cubits. The king’s path has no prescribed measure. The path to a grave has no prescribed measure. The halting places, according to the judges of Tzippori, should be four kab’s space of ground.

Mishnah seven deals with laws concerning the building and the selling of private and public paths.
In the scenario presented in section one a person had a path that passed through the middle of his field and decided that he would take that path and use it as part of his field and he would create a different public path on the side of his field. According to the mishnah the seizure of the public path is invalid and the public may continue to use the path in the middle of the field. In addition, the path given on the side of the field becomes public property, such that the public may also use that path.
The remainder of the mishnah standardizes the sizes of paths for the purposes of selling and buying. A private path is four cubits (about 2 meters) wide and a public path is 16 cubits (8 meters) wide. Therefore if a person were to sell a private path he would be selling a four cubit path, and if he sold a public path he would have sold a 16 cubit path. The mishnah additionally informs us that a king’s procession passing through another person’s field is permitted to take as wide of a path as needed. So too, if a funeral procession passes, the procession may cut as wide of a path as needed. Finally, we learn that halting places, which were places on the path of the funeral procession, where the mourners would stop in the course of a funeral procession in order to eulogize the dead, were generally four kab big (25 meters by 17 meters). If a person sold a “halting place” to another person this is the size of the land sold.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Batra

ושלו לא הגיעו – but the many have two paths, for we hold that a narrow path marking the boundary that the masses presumed [to use], it is forbidden to ruin.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Batra

דרך היחיד – a person who sells to his fellow a path within his field needs to give him four cubits.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Batra

דרך המלך אין לו שעור – for the king breaches a fence in front of him to make for himself a path.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Batra

דרך הקבר – when they carry the dead person to his grave, there is no measure. It is an enactment of the Sages because of the dignity of the deceased, but they are not able to breach a fence like the way of the king, but those who accompany the dead can pass ove seeds and the don’t have to turn to the one side or the other.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Batra

בית ארבעה קבים – it is [thirty three cubits and two handbreadths] wide at the length of fifty cubits. And the funeral-halting place where they would make seven halts of the funeral escort on returning from burial for lamentation or consolation, corresponding to the seven mentions of הבל/vanity in at the beginning of the [Biblical] book of Ecclesiastes.
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