Con queste cose chazakah ottiene [Se ha "tenuto" il campo del vicino nei loro confronti, è una chazakah], e con queste cose, chazakah non ottiene: se tenesse nel cortile una bestia, un forno, una stufa, un mulino; se ha allevato le galline lì o ha messo il suo fertilizzante lì, non è una chazakah. [Questo tanna sta parlando di un cortile di partner, dove non si oppongono (agli altri) a tenere una bestia o simili. Per questo motivo, non è un chazakah anche se uno lo ha tenuto per questo scopo per tre anni.] Ma se avesse fatto una partizione per la sua bestia alta dieci mani, e così per un forno, e quindi per un mulino; e se ha portato i polli nella sua casa (del vicino), o ha fatto un posto per il suo fertilizzante tre (spaccature) in profondità o tre (spaccature) in alto, è una chazakah. [Perché in tal caso si obietterebbe sicuramente, quindi se rimase in silenzio per tre anni e non protestasse, sarebbe certamente una chazakah. Maimonides spiega che con un partner, che si oppone all'erezione di una partizione, se il suo partner ha creato una partizione e non ha obiettato, si tratta immediatamente di una chazakah. Ma con uno in generale (cioè non un partner), anche se ha fatto una divisione e l'altro non ha protestato, non è una chazakah fino a dopo tre anni.]
Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Batra
שיש להם חזקה – if he had taken possession of his fellow land for this purpose for three years, it is considered possession.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Bava Batra
Introduction
The mishnah which we will learn today continue to deal with establishing ownership by possession (chazakah), the subject of the entire third chapter. Our mishnah teach the types of activities which if done for three consecutive years without the protest of the owner of the land, house or courtyard or courtyard, may continue to be done afterwards, even if the owner were to protest. For instance if Reuven does a certain activity on Shimon’s property for three years and Shimon does not protest, he cannot do so at a later date.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Batra
היה מעמיד במהתו בחצר – this Tanna/teacher is speaking of a jointly owned courtyard, where they are not strict with each other concerning keeping cattle [in the courtyard] and other similar things. And because of this, it is not considered a presumption of possession even though he had possessed that thing for three years.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Bava Batra
What are usages which are effective in establishing title through possession and what are usages which are not effecting in establishing title through possession? If a man put a beast in a courtyard, or an oven or stoves or mill-stones, or reared fowl [in a courtyard] or put his manure in a courtyard, this is not effective in establishing title through possession. But if he built for his beast a partition ten hand-breadths high, so too for an oven, so too for a stove, so too for a mill-stone, [or] he brought fowl inside the house, or prepared for his manure a place three hand-breadths deep or three hand-breadths high, this is effective in establishing title through possession. Our mishnah lists certain type of acts which if done on another person’s property for three consecutive years, acquire automatic subsequent permission to continue to do the activity. In other words, after three years there is an assumption that the owner of the property does not mind the other person doing these activities, and he therefore loses his right to subsequently protest. In section 1a we learn that placing an animal or other object in another’s courtyard will not cause entitlement to do so. For instance if Reuven were to use Shimon’s courtyard for three years as a place for his animal and Shimon were not to protest, Shimon would still retain the right to protest later. In section 1b we learn that if Reuven had built a structure on the property of Shimon, and Shimon had not protested for three years, Shimon now loses the right to protest. We assume that if Reuven used the property for such a long time in such a substantial manner, than it is does not bother Shimon and he cannot later change his mind.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Batra
אבל אם עשה מחיצה וכו' – for in such a manner, he is definitely strict. If he had been silent about this for three years and didn’t protest, it is considered possession. But Rabbi Moshe ben Maimonuni commented that a joint owner who is strict about making a partition and no one protested immediately is considered possession. But even though he made a partition, as a mere individual and no one protested, it is not considered possession until after three years.
