Talmud sur Bava Batra 5:6

אַרְבַּע מִדּוֹת בַּמּוֹכְרִין. מָכַר לוֹ חִטִּים יָפוֹת וְנִמְצְאוּ רָעוֹת, הַלּוֹקֵחַ יָכוֹל לַחֲזֹר בּוֹ. רָעוֹת וְנִמְצְאוּ יָפוֹת, מוֹכֵר יָכוֹל לַחֲזֹר בּוֹ. רָעוֹת וְנִמְצְאוּ רָעוֹת, יָפוֹת וְנִמְצְאוּ יָפוֹת, אֵין אֶחָד מֵהֶם יָכוֹל לַחֲזֹר בּוֹ. שְׁחַמְתִּית וְנִמְצֵאת לְבָנָה, לְבָנָה וְנִמְצֵאת שְׁחַמְתִּית, עֵצִים שֶׁל זַיִת וְנִמְצְאוּ שֶׁל שִׁקְמָה, שֶׁל שִׁקְמָה וְנִמְצְאוּ שֶׁל זַיִת, יַיִן וְנִמְצָא חֹמֶץ, חֹמֶץ וְנִמְצָא יַיִן, שְׁנֵיהֶם יְכוֹלִין לַחֲזֹר בָּהֶן:

Il existe quatre «mesures» [lois distinctes] concernant les ventes: s'il lui a vendu du bon blé et qu'il s'est avéré mauvais, l'acheteur peut se retirer. [c.-à-d., s'il était stipulé qu'on lui donnait du bon blé et qu'il était jugé mauvais, c'est comme ona'ah («faire du tort», surcharger). Par conséquent, seul l’objet de l’ona'ah, l’acheteur, peut faire marche arrière, mais pas le vendeur, même si le prix du blé a fortement augmenté.] (S'il était stipulé qu’il devait être donné) le mauvais blé et il a été constaté être bon, le vendeur peut reculer. Mauvais et jugé mauvais; bon et jugé bon, aucun des deux ne peut reculer [même si le prix a augmenté ou diminué. Et l'acheteur ne peut pas dire: "Je voulais du bon blé— J'ai dit 'mauvais' seulement par le biais de (Proverbes 19: 8): '«Mauvais, mauvais», dit l'acheteur. »« Et inversement, le vendeur ne peut pas dire: «Je voulais du mauvais blé — J'ai dit «bien» uniquement parce que c'est la façon pour un vendeur d'appeler le mauvais bien. "] Shechamtith [rouge (-brun). Le Targum de (Genèse 30:35):" Et tout copain "(marron) est:" Et tout shechum. "], Et il a été trouvé pour être blanc; blanc, et il s'est avéré être shechamtith —Bois d'olivier, et il s'est avéré être du bois de sycomore; sycomore, et il s'est avéré être olive—Du vin, et c'était du vinaigre; vinaigre, et il s'est avéré être du vin—les deux peuvent reculer. [Pour certains préfèrent l'un, et d'autres, l'autre. Tous ces exemples sont un mekach tauth (une "vente erronée") pour les deux, et les deux peuvent reculer, alors que dans le cas de "bien, et ils se sont avérés être mauvais", tous préfèrent le bien. [("Du vin, et il s'est avéré être du vinaigre, etc." :) Certains préfèrent le vin; autres, vinaigre.]

Jerusalem Talmud Sheviit

HALAKHAH: Rav Jehudah in the name of Samuel, Rebbi Abbahu in the name of Rebbi Joḥanan¹⁷A very shortened version of this statement is in Baba Batra 5:5 (fol. 15a), a parallel is in Babli Baba Batra82b–83a, where the allowable distances are determined in a lengthy discussion. Probably the statement in (Caesarean) Yerushalmi Baba Batra is the original one; the extended (Tiberian) version here must be the result of a derivation parallel to the arguments of the Babli. The rules established in Baba Batra deal with transactions without special stipulations; the parties in a sale are free to specify exactly what is sold and what is not sold but if the details are not mentioned in the contract of sale then the rules given here are valid by default.: If somebody buys three trees on another person’s property, spaced so that ten trees could be planted in a bet seah¹⁸This is the minimum of trees in a bet seah that constitutes an orchard. If the trees are planted in a regular pattern, each tree is the center of a square of 250 square cubits. Hence, the distance of two trees is 250^½ = 15.811 cubits. (In the Babli, the distance is required to be “less than 16 cubits.”) and that the ox and its harness could pass between them¹⁹This is defined as “working space” of 4 cubits in Kilaim, Halakhah 5:3. In all cases, the stems of the trees are not included in the measurements, cf. Kilaim, Halakhah 4:8., then he acquired the ground under them, the ground between them, and outside the space for the harvester and his basket. Rav said, if they form a group²⁰If the trees form a triangle. The correct version is in a Genizah fragment, בעשויין ציבה, referring to צובה “tripod”. The Venice text has the word in Eruvin 5:2, in a rule concerning three villages close one to another, where Rav requires them to be built “like a tripod” and Samuel allows them to be aligned.. Samuel says, also if they are in a straight line. Rebbi Yose said, this refers to there but not to here²¹The minimal and maximal distances apply to civil contracts, not to the laws of the Sabbatical.. Rebbi Jonah said, it refers even to here, if they are close²²Fruit trees planted less than four cubits apart cannot grow; they are planted either in a tree nursery to be transferred later to genuine agricultural use or they are grown for their wood and will be cut down. In no case is ploughing the field for them justified.. Rebbi Mana said to him, did we not state “that the ox and its harness could pass between them”? Come and see, if the ox and its harness can pass between them, the roots can expand laterally, but if the ox and its harness cannot pass between them, the roots cannot expand laterally.

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Jerusalem Talmud Peah

MISHNAH: He who sows one species on his field gives one peah even though he works⁸²Literally: He makes two threshing floors. Not only the act of threshing is involved, but also the collection of threshed grain into orderly heaps. The best translation is: processing (grain on the stalk into a commercial commodity.) at two different threshing floors. If he sows two species, he gives two peot even though he threshes them together⁸³And puts them together in the same heap.. He who sows two different kinds of wheat on his field gives one peah if he processes them together⁸⁴That means that he treats them as one kind of wheat., two peot if he threshes them separately.
It happened that Rebbi Simeon from Miẓpah⁹³A Mishnah collector in the times of Rabban Gamliel I; one of a very small number of scholars who lived during Second Temple times who is always mentioned with the title “Rebbi.” {It is possible that before the destruction of the Temple, “Rebbi” did not designate a rabbi but a collector of legal statements.} Miẓpah probably is today’s Nebi Samwil, N. W. of Jerusalem. sowed before Rabban Gamliel; they ascended to the stone hall⁹⁴The hall on the Temple Mount whose walls were formed by hewn stone and in which the high court held its sessions. and asked. Naḥum the scribe⁹⁵Cf. Latin libellaris, “of books.” He was the clerk of Rabban Gamliel I’s court. said: I have the tradition from Rebbi Miasha, who received it from my father, who received it from the pairs⁹⁶The pairs of authorities, chiefs and deputy chiefs of the high court in Jerusalem, who are mentioned in the first chapter of Pirqe Avot., who received if from the prophets⁹⁷Ḥaggai, Zachariah, Malachi, who by tradition are counted as members of the “Great Assembly.”, a practice going back to Moses on Sinai, that he who sows two different kinds of wheat on his field gives one peah if he stores them together, two peot if he stores them separately.

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