Si l'on dépose des fruits chez son voisin, même s'ils subissent une perte [à cause de souris ou de pourriture], il ne peut pas les toucher [pour les vendre. Car «un homme préfère une mesure de sa propre à neuf mesures de son voisin». Sa mesure est aimée de lui parce qu'il a travaillé pour elle, plus (bien-aimée) que neuf mesures d'autres qu'il recevrait pour la vendre. Les rabbins disent: «Il ne peut pas les toucher», seulement s'ils subissent la perte normale indiquée dans notre Michna (ci-dessous): pour le blé et le riz, neuf demi-kavin pour un kor, etc. Mais s'ils subissent plus que la normale perte, les sages concèdent à R. Shimon b. Gamliel qu'il les vend par Beth-Din. La halakha est conforme aux sages.] R. Gamliel dit: Il les vend avant Beth-Din, car il est comme celui qui rend un objet perdu à son propriétaire.
Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia
אבודים – through mice or decay
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English Explanation of Mishnah Bava Metzia
If a man deposited produce with his fellow, even if it should perish he may not touch it. Rabban Shimon ben Gamaliel says: “He may sell it before a court of law, since he is like someone who returns a lost object to its owners.” In the scenario in our mishnah Reuven leaves his produce with Shimon to watch until he comes back. When Reuven doesn’t return for an extended period Shimon is left with a dilemma. On the one hand, a person guarding someone else’s possessions generally may not use the possessions. However, if he does nothing with the produce the produce will rot. According to the first opinion in the mishnah, Shimon should just leave the produce even at the risk of it perishing. The reason is that Reuven may want his produce back, since that was the produce he worked so hard to grow. If you have your own backyard garden you know that this is often true. Even if the fruit objectively is not better than the fruit in the store, to the person who grew it, it will taste better. According to Rabban Shimon ben Gamaliel, better for Shimon to sell the produce and hold the money for the owner. This sale must be done in front of a court of law in order to prevent the person watching from selling the produce at too low of a price.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia
לא יגע בהן – to see them since each person wants his Kab from the nine Kabim of his fellow. His Kab is beloved to him because he had toiled for it, from the nine Kabim of others that he would purchase with their monetary value if he would sell them. And the Rabbis said that he should not touch them, for they have not lost other than up to the diminution that is explicitly mentioned in our Mishnah: for wheat and rice Nine half-Kabim to a Kor, etc. But if they lost more than their diminution [in value], the Sages agree with Rabban Shimon ben Gamaliel that they sell them in the Jewish court. And the Halakha is according to the Sages.
