Mishnah
Mishnah

Commentaire sur Bava Batra 6:7

מִי שֶׁהָיְתָה דֶרֶךְ הָרַבִּים עוֹבֶרֶת בְּתוֹךְ שָׂדֵהוּ, נְטָלָהּ וְנָתַן לָהֶם מִן הַצַּד, מַה שֶּׁנָּתַן נָתַן, וְשֶׁלּוֹ לֹא הִגִּיעוֹ. דֶּרֶךְ הַיָּחִיד, אַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת. דֶּרֶךְ הָרַבִּים, שֵׁשׁ עֶשְׂרֵה אַמָּה. דֶּרֶךְ הַמֶּלֶךְ, אֵין לָהּ שִׁעוּר. דֶּרֶךְ הַקֶּבֶר, אֵין לָהּ שִׁעוּר. הַמַּעֲמָד, דַּיָּנֵי צִפּוֹרִי אָמְרוּ, בֵּית אַרְבַּעַת קַבִּין:

Si un chemin public [c'est-à-dire toujours utilisé par le public] passait par son champ —S'il l'a pris et leur en a donné un à côté, ce qu'il a donné est donné et (ce qu'il a pris) pour lui-même ne lui revient pas. [Et le public a (maintenant) deux chemins, il est décidé: "Un chemin tenu par le public ne peut pas être détourné."] Un chemin privé est de quatre coudées. [c'est-à-dire, si l'on vend à son voisin un chemin au milieu de son champ, il doit lui donner (au moins) quatre coudées. Un chemin public fait seize coudées. Le chemin du roi n'a pas de limites. [Car un roi peut «franchir les clôtures» devant lui pour se frayer un chemin.] Le chemin [sur lequel on est porté] jusqu'à la tombe n'a pas de limites. [Ceci est une ordonnance rabbinique de respect pour les morts. Non pas que ceux qui accompagnent le corps puissent «franchir les clôtures», comme le ferait un roi, mais ils peuvent passer par-dessus un sol semé et n'ont pas besoin de faire un détour sur le côté.] (Si l'on vend son voisin) a madame (site), les juges de Sepphoris disent: (Il doit lui donner au moins une superficie de quatre kabin [c'est-à-dire, trente-trois coudées et deux largeurs de main de largeur sur cinquante coudées de longueur. À la place du ma'amad (lit., "debout") , ils exécuteraient sept classements et sept séances à leur retour après avoir enterré les morts, correspondant aux sept «vanités» au début du livre de Koheleth.]

Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Batra

מי שהיתה דרך [הרבי'] עוברת בתוך שדהו – the masses always presumed to be able to pass through there.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Bava Batra

If a public path passed through a man’s field and he took it and gave them [another path] by the side of the field, what he has given he has given and what he has taken for himself does not become his.
A private path is four cubits. A public path is sixteen cubits. The king’s path has no prescribed measure. The path to a grave has no prescribed measure. The halting places, according to the judges of Tzippori, should be four kab’s space of ground.

Mishnah seven deals with laws concerning the building and the selling of private and public paths.
In the scenario presented in section one a person had a path that passed through the middle of his field and decided that he would take that path and use it as part of his field and he would create a different public path on the side of his field. According to the mishnah the seizure of the public path is invalid and the public may continue to use the path in the middle of the field. In addition, the path given on the side of the field becomes public property, such that the public may also use that path.
The remainder of the mishnah standardizes the sizes of paths for the purposes of selling and buying. A private path is four cubits (about 2 meters) wide and a public path is 16 cubits (8 meters) wide. Therefore if a person were to sell a private path he would be selling a four cubit path, and if he sold a public path he would have sold a 16 cubit path. The mishnah additionally informs us that a king’s procession passing through another person’s field is permitted to take as wide of a path as needed. So too, if a funeral procession passes, the procession may cut as wide of a path as needed. Finally, we learn that halting places, which were places on the path of the funeral procession, where the mourners would stop in the course of a funeral procession in order to eulogize the dead, were generally four kab big (25 meters by 17 meters). If a person sold a “halting place” to another person this is the size of the land sold.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Batra

ושלו לא הגיעו – but the many have two paths, for we hold that a narrow path marking the boundary that the masses presumed [to use], it is forbidden to ruin.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Batra

דרך היחיד – a person who sells to his fellow a path within his field needs to give him four cubits.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Batra

דרך המלך אין לו שעור – for the king breaches a fence in front of him to make for himself a path.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Batra

דרך הקבר – when they carry the dead person to his grave, there is no measure. It is an enactment of the Sages because of the dignity of the deceased, but they are not able to breach a fence like the way of the king, but those who accompany the dead can pass ove seeds and the don’t have to turn to the one side or the other.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Batra

בית ארבעה קבים – it is [thirty three cubits and two handbreadths] wide at the length of fifty cubits. And the funeral-halting place where they would make seven halts of the funeral escort on returning from burial for lamentation or consolation, corresponding to the seven mentions of הבל/vanity in at the beginning of the [Biblical] book of Ecclesiastes.
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