Commentaire sur Bava Batra 6:6
מִי שֶׁיֶּשׁ לוֹ גִנָּה לִפְנִים מִגִּנָּתוֹ שֶׁל חֲבֵרוֹ, נִכְנָס בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁדֶּרֶךְ בְּנֵי אָדָם נִכְנָסִים וְיוֹצֵא בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁדֶּרֶךְ בְּנֵי אָדָם יוֹצְאִין, וְאֵינוֹ מַכְנִיס לְתוֹכָהּ תַּגָּרִין, וְלֹא יִכָּנֵס מִתּוֹכָהּ לְתוֹךְ שָׂדֶה אַחֶרֶת, וְהַחִיצוֹן זוֹרֵעַ אֶת הַדָּרֶךְ. נָתְנוּ לוֹ דֶרֶךְ מִן הַצַּד מִדַּעַת שְׁנֵיהֶם, נִכְנָס בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁהוּא רוֹצֶה וְיוֹצֵא בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁהוּא רוֹצֶה, וּמַכְנִיס לְתוֹכָהּ תַּגָּרִין, וְלֹא יִכָּנֵס מִתּוֹכָהּ לְתוֹךְ שָׂדֶה אַחֶרֶת, וְזֶה וָזֶה אֵינָם רַשָּׁאִים לְזָרְעָהּ:
Si l'on possédait un jardin dans le jardin de son voisin, et que ce dernier acceptait de lui donner des droits de passage dans son champ, il entre à un moment où les hommes ont l'habitude d'entrer et il part quand les hommes ont l'habitude de partir. Et il ne peut pas y amener de marchands (pour acheter ses produits), et il ne peut pas y entrer dans un champ différent. [Car puisqu'il lui cause des dommages considérables en traversant son champ, nous présumons qu'il a accepté (qu'il le traverse) uniquement pour les besoins de son jardin et non pour aucun autre but.] Et l'extérieur peut semer le chemin. [Car puisqu'il est au milieu de son champ, nous présumons qu'il ne lui a pas accordé le chemin entièrement au point de ne pas pouvoir le semer.] S'il lui a été donné un chemin secondaire d'un commun accord, il peut entrer quand il le souhaite et partir quand il le souhaite et y amener des marchands. Mais il ne peut en entrer dans un champ différent; et les deux peuvent ne pas le semer. [Car puisqu'il s'agit d'un chemin secondaire, il était uniquement destiné au passage.]
Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Batra
English Explanation of Mishnah Bava Batra
But, if with the other’s consent, he has been given a path at the side [of the other’s garden] he may go in and out when he wishes. And he may bring in merchants, but he may not enter through it into another field. And neither of them has the right to plant seeds on the path.
The mishnah which we will learn today is similar to yesterday’s mishnah, except it discusses access to a garden instead of a cistern.
This mishnah deals with a person who owns a garden behind another person’s garden. In other words in order to get to his garden he must go through the other person’s garden. The mishnah says that he is allowed to do so, but with certain limitations, similar to those we saw in the previous mishnah. First of all, he must go in and out at the time when people are accustomed to going to their gardens. Second, he may not bring merchants through his fellow’s property in order to buy his produce. Rather he must carry the produce out and the merchants can buy outside. Third, he may not use the path as a shortcut to other fields. Since the path was designated only to reach a certain field he is not allowed to use it to reach others. Finally, the owner of the outer garden is allowed to plant seeds on the path, even though this will make it more difficult for the owner of the inner garden to use the path. Since the path belongs to owner of the outer garden, he can do with it as he pleases.
If, however, the owner of the inner garden was given (possibly by the court) a path on the side of the outer garden, and the owner of the outer garden consented, then he may go there whenever he please. He may also bring in merchants to buy the produce, but he still may not use the path as a shortcut to other fields. Again, since the path was designated for reaching a certain field, he may not use it to reach others. Finally, since the path is intended only for walking, neither of them may plant on the it.