Si l'on vend du vin ou de l'huile à son voisin, et ils sont devenus plus chers ou moins chers —Si (ils sont devenus plus chers ou moins chers) avant que la mesure ne soit complète, c'est celle du vendeur; si après, l'acheteur. [Nous parlons d'un récipient de mesure qui n'appartient à aucun des deux et qui a été prêté aux deux. Il est prêté au vendeur jusqu'à ce qu'il soit rempli et, par la suite, à l'acheteur. Par conséquent, avant que la mesure n'ait été remplie, stade auquel le navire est prêté au vendeur, l'acheteur n'acquiert pas. Et après que la mesure a été remplie, à quel point le navire est prêté à l'acheteur, l'acheteur acquiert.] Et s'il y avait un intermédiaire entre eux et la cruche [(qui était la sienne)] s'est cassée, elle s'est cassée pour l'intermédiaire ( c'est-à-dire, il est responsable) [et nous ne disons pas qu'il est le messager de l'acheteur et qu'il s'est cassé pour l'acheteur.] Et il [le vendeur] doit "égoutter" pour lui [l'acheteur] trois gouttes [de quoi collé aux parois du récipient de mesure après avoir versé le vin ou l’huile.] S'il a retourné et recueilli, il appartient au vendeur [c.-à-d., s'il a retourné le récipient de mesure sur le côté après avoir versé l'huile ou le vin et "égoutté" trois gouttes, et l'exsudat du récipient de mesure recueilli en un seul endroit au fond, il appartient au vendeur, l'acheteur en ayant "désespéré".] Un commerçant n'a pas besoin de "goutter" trois gouttes, [étant préoccupé par la vente.] R. Yehudah dit: Il est dispensé [de le faire seulement] vers la tombée de la nuit la veille du sabbat. [La halakha n'est pas conforme à R. Yehudah.]
Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Batra
עד של נתמלאה המדה – it (i.e., the Mishnah) is speaking about the measure [of a middleman] that is not either of theirs, and the lender lent to both of them, it is borrowed by the seller; therefore, before the measure was filled up, the utensil is lent to the seller, and the burying did not acquire it. Once the measure was filled up, the utensil is lent to the buyer; the buyer has acquired it, for he has acquired it. And we are speaking of a market-stand underneath a colonnade or in the domain of the purchaser.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Bava Batra
Introduction
Mishnah eight continues to define the precise moment when a sale occurs. The last section of the mishnah teaches the procedure for measuring out sold liquids.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Batra
היה סרסור ביניהם ונשברה החבית – the utensil was his (i.e., the agent’s/middleman’s).
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English Explanation of Mishnah Bava Batra
If a man sold wine or oil to his fellow, and its value rose or fell, if [the price rose or fell] before the measure was filled up, it belongs to the seller, [and he may refuse to sell except at the higher price]. But if [the price rose or fell] after the measure was filled up, it belongs to the buyer [and he may refuse to buy except at the lower price]. With regards to the selling of wine and oil, the point in which the sale is final is the point at which the measuring container fills up. If the price of the wine or oil should rise before it fills up, the seller can demand the higher rate. If the price fluctuated after it was full, the buyer need only pay the lower rate.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Batra
נשברה לסרסור – and we don’t say that he is the agent of the purchaser and it was broken by the purchaser.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Bava Batra
If there was a middleman between them, and the jar broke, it is broken to [the loss of] the middleman. If a middleman acted as an agent for the buyer and seller and the measuring cup should break thereby causing the loss of the wine or oil, the middleman is responsible to recompense for the loss.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Batra
וחייב להטיף לו ג' טפין – the seller to the purchaser from the what cleaved to the walls of the measure after he had emptied out the wine or the oil.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Bava Batra
[After emptying the measure] the seller must let three more drops drip [for the buyer]. If he then turned the measure over and drained it off, what flows out belongs to the seller. The shopkeeper is not obligated to let three more drops drip. Rabbi Judah says: “[Only] on the eve of Shabbath as it becomes dark is he exempt.” When the seller pours the oil from the measuring cup into the vessel of the buyer, he must wait until three drops have spilled out. After this point, any oil that is stuck to the sides of the vessel belong to the seller. Since a shopkeeper is busy with many customers, he need not wait after pouring to ensure that three drops come out of the container. According to Rabbi Judah, this law is true only before the Shabbath, which is a time when the shopkeeper would be especially busy. At other times during the week, he too must wait for three drops to drip out of the measuring container.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Batra
הרכינה ומיצת – he turned it the measure over on its side after he emptied the oil or the wine and let it drip three drops and what was drained of the measure was gathered at the rim of the utensil to one place, and they belong to the seller, for the purchaser had despaired of it.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Bava Batra
Questions for Further Thought: • Must the seller sell at the lower rate if the price went down before the measuring cup was full?? • Section three: Why might one have thought that the middleman would not be responsible if the measuring cup broke? If he was not responsible who would be?
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Batra
והחנוני אינו חייב להטיף ג' טפין – because he is preoccupied that he is selling every hour.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Batra
ר' יהודה אומר – they did not say that the storekeeper is exempt from letting three drops drip out, but rather, it was the Eve of the Sabbath near dusk. But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Yehuda.
