Commentaire sur Bava Batra 4:2
לֹא אֶת הַבּוֹר, וְלֹא אֶת הַדּוּת, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁכָּתַב לוֹ עֻמְקָא וְרוּמָא. וְצָרִיךְ לִקַּח לוֹ דֶרֶךְ, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, אֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ לִקַּח לוֹ דָרֶךְ. וּמוֹדֶה רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא, בִּזְמַן שֶׁאָמַר לוֹ חוּץ מֵאֵלּוּ, שֶׁאֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ לִקַּח לוֹ דָרֶךְ. מְכָרָן לְאַחֵר, רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, אֵינוֹ צָרִיך לִקַּח לוֹ דֶרֶךְ. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, צָרִיךְ לִקַּח לוֹ דָרֶךְ:
(Il n'a) pas (vendu) le bor [une cavité dans le sol] ni le duth [une structure de pierres au-dessus du sol en forme de bor], même s'il écrivait (qu'il vend) la profondeur et la hauteur (de la maison). [Il n'acquiert pas le bor et le duth puisque leur utilisation (stockage de l'eau) est distincte de (celle de) la maison. (Ils ne sont pas acquis) à moins qu'il n'écrit "du fond des profondeurs aux hauteurs des cieux."] Et il [le vendeur] doit acheter des droits d'accès [de l'acheteur au bor et au duth. Car le vendeur vend «généreusement», ne se réservant rien pour lui-même.] Telles sont les paroles de R. Akiva. Les sages disent: il n'a pas besoin d'acheter des droits d'accès. [Ils soutiennent que le vendeur vend "de façon stintante", de sorte que lorsqu'il a vendu la maison, il s'est réservé les droits d'accès au bor et au duth.] Et R. Akiva concède que s'il lui disait: "Sauf ceux-ci" [ le bor et le duth], il n’a pas besoin d’acheter des droits d’accès, [car, étant une condition superflue, il est entendu qu’il s’agit de droits d’accès.] S'il les vendait [le bor et le duth] à un autre, [quittant la maison pour lui-même], R. Akiva dit qu'il (l'acheteur) n'a pas besoin d'acheter des droits d'accès, [car le vendeur vend "généreusement", et quand il lui a vendu le bor et le duth, il a également vendu les droits d'accès.] Les sages disent qu'il doit acheter des droits d'accès. [La halakha est conforme à R. Akiva.]
Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Batra
English Explanation of Mishnah Bava Batra
And he [the seller] must buy himself a path [from the new owner to reach the cellar or cistern], according to Rabbi Akiva. But the Sages say: “He need not buy himself a path.” And Rabbi Akiva agrees that if he had said to him, “Excepting these [the cistern or cellar]” that he need not buy himself a path.
If he sold them [the cellar or cistern] to another, Rabbi Akiva says: “He need not buy himself a path.” But the Sages say: “He must buy himself a path.”
Mishnah two continues to deal with the question which the mishnah began to deal with in mishnah one, when a house is sold what things are sold with and as part of the house?
All of the sages of our mishnah agree that when a person sells another person a house, he has not sold the underground chambers, namely a cistern for storing water, or a cellar used to store food and wine. Even if he wrote that he was selling to the depth of the house, his intent may have been the floor of the house, and not the cellar or cistern. The argument between Rabbi Akiva is over whether or not the seller must buy a path in the house that he sold which will allow him to get to his cellar or cistern. According to Rabbi Akiva, since he sold the whole house, the new owner will have the right to refuse entrance. If the old owner wants to get to his cellar he will need to purchase a path. The Sages disagree. When the person sold the house and did not sell the cellar, we can assume that he intended not to sell a path in the house by which he could reach the cellar. Hence, he does not need to buy a path. Rabbi Akiva agrees with the Sages that if the seller specified to the buyer that he was not selling the cellar or cistern, than he intended on retaining the path and he need not, therefore, purchase the path from the buyer of the house.
Section three discusses the opposite situation, where a person sells a cistern or cellar but not the house. According to Rabbi Akiva, the assumption is that when the seller sold the cistern he intended to sell a path as well, and the buyer need not, therefore, purchase a separate path. According to the Sages, the seller may have sold the cistern or cellar without intending to sell a path by which the buyer could reach them. Consequently, if the buyer wishes to get to his new cellar or cistern he must buy a path as well.