Mishnah
Mishnah

Commentaire sur Bava Batra 1:6

אֵין חוֹלְקִין אֶת הֶחָצֵר, עַד שֶׁיְּהֵא אַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת לָזֶה וְאַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת לָזֶה. וְלֹא אֶת הַשָּׂדֶה, עַד שֶׁיְּהֵא בָהּ תִּשְׁעָה קַבִּין לָזֶה וְתִשְׁעָה קַבִּין לָזֶה. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, עַד שֶׁיְּהֵא בָהּ תִּשְׁעַת חֲצָאֵי קַבִּין לָזֶה וְתִשְׁעַת חֲצָאֵי קַבִּין לָזֶה. וְלֹא אֶת הַגִּנָּה, עַד שֶׁיְּהֵא בָהּ חֲצִי קַב לָזֶה וַחֲצִי קַב לָזֶה. רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, בֵּית רֹבַע. וְלֹא אֶת הַטְּרַקְלִין, וְלֹא אֶת הַמּוֹרָן, וְלֹא אֶת הַשּׁוֹבָךְ, וְלֹא אֶת הַטַּלִּית, וְלֹא אֶת הַמֶּרְחָץ, וְלֹא אֶת בֵּית הַבַּד, עַד שֶׁיְּהֵא בָהֶן כְּדֵי לָזֶה וּכְדֵי לָזֶה. זֶה הַכְּלָל, כָּל שֶׁיֵּחָלֵק וּשְׁמוֹ עָלָיו, חוֹלְקִין. וְאִם לָאו, אֵין חוֹלְקִין. אֵימָתַי, בִּזְמַן שֶׁאֵין שְׁנֵיהֶם רוֹצִים. אֲבָל בִּזְמַן שֶׁשְּׁנֵיהֶם רוֹצִים, אֲפִלּוּ בְפָחוֹת מִכָּאן, יַחֲלֹקוּ. וְכִתְבֵי הַקֹּדֶשׁ, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁשְּׁנֵיהֶם רוֹצִים, לֹא יַחֲלֹקוּ:

La cour n'est pas divisée jusqu'à ce qu'il y ait quatre coudées à chaque (partenaire). [Un partenaire dans la cour ne peut pas obliger l'autre à le diviser jusqu'à ce que chacun ait quatre coudées en dehors des portes, chaque maison dans la cour nécessitant quatre coudées avant la porte pour décharger un âne. En plus de ces quatre coudées, quatre coudées supplémentaires sont nécessaires pour leurs autres fins avant que la cour ne devienne sujette à la partition.] Et un champ (n'est pas divisé) jusqu'à ce qu'il y ait neuf mesures à chacun. R. Yehudah dit: Jusqu'à ce qu'il y ait neuf demi-mesures pour chacun. [Chacun parle de sa propre place, et ils ne diffèrent pas. Pour un champ de neuf demi-mesures à la place de R. Yehudah a donné autant qu'un champ de neuf mesures à la place des rabbins.] Et pas un jardin jusqu'à ce qu'il y ait une demi-mesure pour chacun. R. Akiva dit: Un espace pour semer un quart de mesure. [La halakha est que les champs en attente de labour ou d'ensemencement ne sont pas soumis à la partition jusqu'à ce qu'il reste pour chacun des partenaires assez de terre pour un jour de labour, ou de semis, ou similaire.] Ni (ne divisent-ils) un traklin ou un moran [habitations spacieuses], ni un poulailler, ni un vêtement, ni une maison de bain, ni un pressoir à olives, jusqu'à ce qu'il y en ait assez pour chacun. [Comme expliqué ci-dessous: pour qu'après qu'ils se soient divisés et que chacun prenne sa part, il reste assez pour chacun qu'il soit appelé "traklin" ou "moran" (ou autre), c'est-à-dire qu'il reste dans la partie le nom par lequel le tout a été appelé.] Telle est la règle: quelque chose qui garde son nom quand il est divisé, est divisé; sinon, il n'est pas divisé. Quand est-ce ainsi? Quand les deux ne souhaitent pas se diviser. [L'un ne peut contraindre l'autre à se diviser contre sa volonté; mais il peut contraindre «dieu ou agod», c'est-à-dire: Achetez ma part ou vendez-moi votre part pour ce qu'elle vaut.] Mais quand les deux souhaitent (se diviser), même avec moins que cela (c'est-à-dire ce qui est stipulé ci-dessus), ils peut diviser. Et avec les Saintes Écritures [Torah, Prophètes et Écrits], même s'ils le souhaitent tous les deux, ils ne peuvent pas se diviser. [Ceci, seulement avec un volume; mais avec de nombreux livres séparés, ils peuvent se diviser s'ils le souhaitent.]

Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Batra

אין חולקין את החצר – one of the partners cannot force his fellow to divide the courtyard until there are four cubits to each one of the partners, other than the openings, for every house in the courtyard requires [that there will be] in front of his door four cubits in order to unload the burden that is upon his donkey. And outside of those four cubits, one needs in the courtyard another four cubits to each one of the partners for his other uses. And then there will be in the courtyard the law of division.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Bava Batra

They do not divide a courtyard until there is four cubits for this [partner] and four cubits for this [partner].
Nor [do they divide up] a field until it has nine kavs for this [partner] and nine kavs for this [partner]. Rabbi Judah says: “Until it has nine half-kavs for this [partner] and nine half-kavs for this [partner].
Nor [do they divide up] a garden until it has a half-kav for this [partner] and a half-kav for this [partner]. Rabbi Akiva says: “A quarter-kav.”
Nor [do they divide up] an eating hall, a watch-tower, a dovecote, a cloak, a bathhouse, or an olive-press until there is sufficient for this [partner] and for this [partner].
This is the general rule: whatever can be divided and still be called by the same name, they divide; otherwise they do not divide.
When is this so? When they do not both wish [to divide the property]. However, if both wish they can divide it even if it is smaller. And with regards to the Sacred Books, they may not be divided even if both are willing.

Mishnah six returns to discuss a subject which began in mishnah one. There we learned the laws of building walls in shared courtyards, gardens and valleys. Mishnah six discusses which jointly-owned properties can be split into two parts.
This mishnah is quite straightforward so we will explain it briefly. Sections four and five basically summarize the laws of splitting jointly held property. One partner can force another partner to split the property only if the remaining property will still be sufficiently large to use it for its intended purpose. For instance if partners jointly own a dovecote (a place for breeding and storing pigeon doves) and one partner wants to split it, there must be enough room in each half for both partners to use it as a dovecote. Furthermore, section five clarifies that each half must be able to be called by its previous name. For example, if partners owned a truck one could not force the other to take half of the truck, since half a truck is worthless. If, however, partners owned an iron mine, one could force the other to take half, as long as each half was large enough to be an iron mine in its own right. The first three sections of our mishnah give concrete sizes with regards to courtyards, fields and gardens, but the principle applied is basically the same as that in sections four and five.
Section six emphasizes that the first five sections are true only as long as one partner does not agree to split the property. If, however, both parties agree to split the property they can split an even smaller piece. The one exception to this rule are scrolls containing the books of the Bible. It would not be respectful to the Sacred Books to cut a scroll in half. If, however, the books are in separate scrolls partners could divide them. [Note, in the time of the Mishnah all books were written in scroll form. The modern codex was not yet invented.]
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Batra

רבי יהודה אומר ט' חצאי קבין – this person like his place, and that person like his place. But they don’t dispute that in the places of Rabbi Yehuda they would make grain – a field that has nine half-kabs, is like the field of nine kabs in the place of the Rabbis.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Batra

בית רובע – a place to seed in it a square kab. And the Jewish legal decision is that the law of division on lands that stand for plough and sewing, other than if there remains for each one of the partners enough land in order that there is the work of one day of ploughing or sewing, and similar things.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Batra

מורן וטרקלין – kinds of palaces.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Batra

כדי לזה וכדי לזה – as it is explained further on, and after they would divide it up and each one takes his part, there would be in the part of each of them a place worthy of being called a reception/dining room and a compartment of the house/peristyle, that would remain on part of it the name that was for all of it.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Batra

בזמן שין שניהם רוצים – one cannot force his fellow to divide it by force, but he can force hi regarding the manner of "גוד או אגוד"/either fix you a price for my share, or I shall do so (and buy your share (see Talmud Bava Batra 13a), meaning to say, purchase my portion or sell me your portion for what it is worth.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Batra

ובכתבי הקודש – Torah, Prophets and Writings.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Batra

לא יחלקו – and specifically when they are in one volume, but in many volumes, each book separately, if they want, they can divide it.
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