On peut marcher avec le gentil dans le pressoir, [et nous ne disons pas qu'il tire profit des choses interdites. Car ce tanna soutient qu'il est même permis de le boire, tant qu'il n'est pas descendu à la citerne. Et provoquer une susceptibilité au tumah (gorem) ne se produit pas ici. Car à partir du moment où le gentil les a foulés un peu, ils deviennent tamei, de sorte que le juif n'est pas un gorem ici.] Mais il ne peut pas cueillir (raisins) avec lui. [Car il (le gentil) les met dans son pressoir, qui est tamei. Et le gentil fait le raisin tamei avec son toucher, et le juif, qui cueille avec lui, est un gorem de tumah. Et ce tanna soutient qu'il est interdit d'être un gorem de tumah à chullin (nourriture non consacrée) en Eretz Yisrael, même celui d'un gentil. La halakha n'est pas conforme à cette Michna, car nous soutenons qu'une fois que le vin commence à couler (dans le pressoir), il devient yayin nesech. Par conséquent, il est interdit de marcher avec un gentil dans le pressoir. Et nous soutenons qu'il est permis d'être un gorem de tumah à chullin en Eretz Yisrael lorsque le chullin appartient à un gentil. Par conséquent, il est permis de cueillir (raisins) avec un gentil. Et même si, de ce fait, il est un gorem de tumah à chullin, il n'y a rien de contraire à cela. Cependant, un Juif, cueillant sa vigne, peut, ab initio, ne pas prendre un gentil pour l'aider, même pour amener les raisins au pressoir à cause de «Allez, allez» (loin de la vigne) le Nazaréen, etc. »] Il est interdit de marcher ou de cueillir avec un Juif qui transforme (ses fruits) dans un état de tumah. [Il (le propriétaire) transgresse de ce fait, car il fait du terumoth et du ma'aseroth parmi eux des tamei. Il est donc interdit de l'assister, afin qu'il ne s'y habituât pas.] Mais il peut apporter avec lui des cruches [vides] au pressoir, et il peut apporter avec lui [cruches pleines] du pressoir, [car "ce qui est arrivé, est arrivé." Une fois qu'ils (les raisins) deviennent tamei, il est permis de verser le vin dans des cruches qui sont tamei.] Il est interdit de pétrir (la pâte) ou de la façonner avec un boulanger qui la transforme à l'état de tumah, mais il peut apporter les (pains finis) avec lui à la boutique.
Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah
דורכין עם העכו"ם בגת – and we don’t say that he is making a living with what is prohibited from deriving benefit, for this Tanna/thinks [that even] with drinking, it is permitted as long as he doesn’t go down into the cistern. But there isn’t anything concerning causing ritual defilement for from the time when the idolater treads upon them [a little bit], they were ritually defiled, so it is found that the Israelite did not cause the ritual defilement.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Avodah Zarah
Introduction
This mishnah discusses what actions a Jew may or may not do to help a non-Jew in the winemaking process. The second and third sections of the mishnah discuss helping ritually impure winemakers and bakers. These sections are only brought into our tractate due to their similarity to the halakhah in section one.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah
אבל לא בוצרין עמו – because he places them into a ritually impure vat for wine pressing. For the idolater defiles the grapes through his contact and the Israelite who cuts with him causes ritual defilement. But this Tanna/teacher holds that it is forbidden to cause ritual defilement for non-holy produce that is in the Land of Israel, even if they belong to the idolater. But the Halakha is not according to this Mishnah for we hold that since the wine began to be drawn, it became libation wine, therefore, we do not tread with the idolater in the vat for wine pressing. And we hold that it is permissible to cause ritual from produce, there is nothing in this. But however, an Israelite who harvests his vineyard ab initio, the idolater should not take with him, even to bring the grapes to the vat, because we say, “go around Nazirite, etc. (that you may not come near the vineyard” – see Numbers Rabbah 6:10).
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English Explanation of Mishnah Avodah Zarah
A Jew may tread the winepress together with a non-Jew but may not pick grapes with him. A Jew is allowed to tread grapes in a winepress with a non-Jew, since the wine does not become yen nesekh until it goes down into the vat (see previous mishnah). However, a Jew may not pick grapes with the non-Jew for the non-Jew causes the grapes to become impure. When the non-Jew puts the grapes in his impure winepress, the grapes will become impure. If a Jew helps him to do so, the Jew is helping to make produce grown in the land of Israel impure. The reason that treading on the grapes is permitted is that as soon as the non-Jew touches them, they are already impure.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah
וישראל העושה פירותיו בטומאה – he commits a sin because he defiles the Priest’s Due and Tithes that are within them. Therefore, it is forbidden to assist him in order that he become accustomed to this.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Avodah Zarah
If an israelite was working in a state of ritual impurity, one may neither tread nor pick with him, but one may move [empty] casks with him to the press and carry them [filled] with him from the press. An Israelite who works in a winepress while impure is committing a sin, for he is impurifying the terumah and tithes and thereby rendering them inedible. Since this is forbidden, another Jew may not even tread in the winepress with him, because that would be aiding a transgressor. However, the other Jew may help this Jew before the process begins by bringing jugs to the winepress and he may help him remove the jugs when the pressing is over. In other words, it is only forbidden to help him while the impure pressing is going on. Before and after it is permitted.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah
אבל מוליכין עמו – an empty barrel to the vat, and he brings it with him filled barrels from the winepress, for what has happened has happened for after they have been ritually defiled, it is permissible to put the wine in impure barrels.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Avodah Zarah
If a baker was working in a state of ritual impurity, one may neither knead nor roll dough with him but we may carry loaves with him to the bakery. The same rules that were stated in section two with regards to helping a winemaker who presses his wine while impure, are also true with regards to the impure baker. One may not help him in the baking process, for he causes impurity to the terumah and tithes. However, one may help him after the loaves are already baked.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Avodah Zarah
Questions for Further Thought: • Why is it permitted to help the non-Jew tread but not to help the impure Jew, even though both cause the grapes to become impure?
