Talmud sobre Pirkei Avot 5:10

אַרְבַּע מִדּוֹת בָּאָדָם. הָאוֹמֵר שֶׁלִּי שֶׁלִּי וְשֶׁלְּךָ שֶׁלָּךְ, זוֹ מִדָּה בֵינוֹנִית. וְיֵשׁ אוֹמְרִים, זוֹ מִדַּת סְדוֹם. שֶׁלִּי שֶׁלְּךָ וְשֶׁלְּךָ שֶׁלִּי, עַם הָאָרֶץ. שֶׁלִּי שֶׁלְּךָ וְשֶׁלְּךָ שֶׁלָּךְ, חָסִיד. שֶׁלִּי שֶׁלִּי וְשֶׁלְּךָ שֶׁלִּי, רָשָׁע:

Hay cuatro medios (es decir, tipos de personajes) en un hombre: Uno que dice: "Lo mío es mío y lo tuyo es tuyo" [No quiero darte nada mío, y por favor no me des nada tuyo .] Esta es una mediana middah. Algunos dicen: Esta es la middah de Sodoma. [Se acerca a la middah de Sodoma. Porque si uno se acostumbra a ello, incluso si su vecino se beneficia (de lo que le da) y no le falta nada, no querrá dárselo. Esta era la middah de Sodoma, su intención era alejar a otros de ellos.— a pesar de que su tierra era rica y no les faltaba nada.] "La mía es tuya y la tuya es mía" —am ha'aretz (un ignorante). [Porque él toma y da por igual, y esto "establece la tierra". Pero él no (tiene la sagacidad para) saber eso (Proverbios 15:27): "el que odia los dones vivirá". Esta es la connotación general de am ha'aretz, alguien que quiere hacer mejoras pero que carece de la sabiduría para discriminar entre lo que es y lo que no es una mejora.] "Lo mío es tuyo y lo tuyo es tuyo"—un chasid [Se beneficia a los hombres con sus posesiones y no se beneficia de las posesiones de los demás. Es un chasid, que actúa más allá de la ley.] "Lo mío es mío y lo tuyo es mío"— uno malvado

Avot D'Rabbi Natan

Hillel the Elder presented seven interpretive principles before the House of Beteira: kal vahomer (an a fortiori inference: if so for a lenient case, all the more so for a stringent case), gezeira shava (similar principle learned from linking words), binyan av (building on a primary category), miklal u’frat (specific cases limiting the general rule), miprat u’klal (a generalization expanding the application of a specific case), kayotzei bo bemakom akher (a similar case in another place), and davar halamed minyano (a principle learned out from context); these are the seven interpretive principles that Hillel the Elder presented before the House of Beteira.

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Avot D'Rabbi Natan

There are four types of people. The one who says: What’s mine is yours, and what’s yours is mine, etc.
There are four types of students: One who wants to learn and to teach others, he is looked on favorably. One who wants to learn but not to teach others, he is looked on unfavorably. One who wants to teach others but not to learn, he has a mediocre character (and some say he has the character of someone from Sodom). One who wants neither to learn nor to teach others, this is a completely wicked person.
There are four types of people in the study hall: One who approaches others and sits down with them to learn, he has share in the learning. One who approaches others but does not sit down with them, he has no share in the learning. One who keeps his distance from others but still sits down with them to learn, he has share in the learning. One who keeps his distance from others and [likewise] does not sit down with them, he has no share in the learning.

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