Talmud sobre Pirkei Avot 4:20

אֱלִישָׁע בֶּן אֲבוּיָה אוֹמֵר, הַלּוֹמֵד יֶלֶד לְמַה הוּא דוֹמֶה, לִדְיוֹ כְתוּבָה עַל נְיָר חָדָשׁ. וְהַלּוֹמֵד זָקֵן לְמַה הוּא דוֹמֶה, לִדְיוֹ כְתוּבָה עַל נְיָר מָחוּק. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי בַר יְהוּדָה אִישׁ כְּפַר הַבַּבְלִי אוֹמֵר, הַלּוֹמֵד מִן הַקְּטַנִּים לְמַה הוּא דוֹמֶה, לְאֹכֵל עֲנָבִים קֵהוֹת וְשׁוֹתֶה יַיִן מִגִּתּוֹ. וְהַלּוֹמֵד מִן הַזְּקֵנִים לְמַה הוּא דוֹמֶה, לְאֹכֵל עֲנָבִים בְּשֵׁלוֹת וְשׁוֹתֶה יַיִן יָשָׁן. רַבִּי אוֹמֵר, אַל תִּסְתַּכֵּל בַּקַּנְקַן, אֶלָּא בְמַה שֶּׁיֶּשׁ בּוֹ. יֵשׁ קַנְקַן חָדָשׁ מָלֵא יָשָׁן, וְיָשָׁן שֶׁאֲפִלּוּ חָדָשׁ אֵין בּוֹ:

Alguien que aprende de niño, ¿con qué se le puede comparar? A tinta escrita en papel nuevo, [que perdura. Entonces, el aprendizaje de la infancia no se olvida], y uno que aprende en la vejez, ¿con qué se le puede comparar? A tinta escrita en papel manchado. R. Yossi beRabbi Yehudah Ish Kfar Habavli dice: Alguien que aprende de los jóvenes, ¿con qué se le puede comparar? A quien come uvas opacas [es decir, uvas que no están maduras y que opacan los dientes. (Análogamente, la sabiduría de un niño no ha madurado lo suficiente y sus palabras no "se sientan bien" en el corazón)], y para quien bebe vino de su tina, [que se mezcla con lías. (De manera análoga, la sabiduría de un niño se entremezcla con dudas). Y el que aprende de los viejos, ¿con qué puede compararse? A quien come uvas maduras y bebe vino viejo. El rabino dice: No mires el recipiente, sino lo que contiene. ¡Hay una nueva vasija llena de vino viejo, y una vasija vieja que ni siquiera contiene vino nuevo! [El rabino no está de acuerdo con R. Yossi beRabbi Yehudah, diciendo que así como hay una nueva vasija llena de vino viejo, también puede haber un niño cuyo "sabor" sea como el de la vieja; y hay viejos inferiores en sabiduría a los niños.]

Jerusalem Talmud Sanhedrin

HALAKHAH: “Three rows of students of the Sages,” etc. Rebbi Abba (bar) [Rebbi]⁹²This is a quote from Halakhah 1:6, Note 338. One has to read with the text there, R. Abba, R. Yasa, rather than introduce an otherwise unknown R. Abba bar Yasa. In the opinion of the Babli, the law school had room for 3 times 23 students. It seems that the Yerushalmi agrees; therefore the derivation of the number 23 of members of the court is hinted at by the quote of its first sentence. Yasa in the name of Rebbi Joḥanan: It says here congregation, and it says there congregation. Rav brought it from a Mishnah; the Mishnah says “be a tail of lions and not a head of jackals.⁹³Avot 4:15.” The parable says, be a head of jackals but not a tail of lions. But we have stated: “If they needed to ordain, they ordained one from the first row.⁹⁴The Mishnah does not require that the occupant of the first seat of the first row be ordained; it could be anyone from the first row. Therefore, the last seat in the first row is better than the top seat in the second row.”

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Avot D'Rabbi Natan

Rabbi Yitzchak ben Pinchas would say: Anyone who has studied Midrash but has not studied Halakhah has never really tasted wisdom. Anyone who has studied Halakhah but has not studied Midrash has never really tasted the fear of sin.
He would also say: Anyone who has studied Midrash but has not studied Halakhah is like a strong person who is unarmed. Anyone who has studied Halakhah but has not studied Midrash is like a weak person with a weapon in his hand. Anyone who has studied both is like a person who is both strong and armed.
He would also say: Be careful when greeting other people. Do not get in the middle of a conflict, and do not try to see it. Return to a place of friends. And be a tail to lions rather than a head to foxes.

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