Comentario sobre Baba Metziá 4:6
עַד מָתַי מֻתָּר לְהַחֲזִיר, בַּכְּרַכִּים, עַד כְּדֵי שֶׁיַּרְאֶה לְשֻׁלְחָנִי, וּבַכְּפָרִים, עַד עַרְבֵי שַׁבָּתוֹת. אִם הָיָה מַכִּירָהּ, אֲפִלּוּ לְאַחַר שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר חֹדֶשׁ מְקַבְּלָהּ הֵימֶנּוּ, וְאֵין לוֹ עָלָיו אֶלָּא תַרְעֹמֶת. וְנוֹתְנָהּ לְמַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי וְאֵינוֹ חוֹשֵׁשׁ, שֶׁאֵינוֹ אֶלָּא נֶפֶשׁ רָעָה:
¿Hasta cuándo está permitido retractarse (para monedas ona'ah)? En las ciudades, [donde hay cambistas], hasta que se lo muestra al cambista; en las aldeas, [donde no hay cambiadores de dinero], hasta la noche del sábado, [cuando venga a gastarlo (provisiones) para la comida del sábado, cuando descubra si será aceptado en el pago.] Si lo reconoció, incluso después de doce meses. [Esto es lo que significa: si él (el dador de la moneda) fuera un chasid y quisiera ir más allá de la letra de la ley—si lo reconoció como el sela que le dio, debería aceptarlo incluso después de doce meses.] Y solo tiene resentimiento contra él. [Esto es lo que significa: si él no es un chasid y no desea aceptarlo de él, él (el receptor) solo tiene resentimiento contra él, el receptor se ha causado la pérdida al no haberlo devuelto a tiempo.] Y lo da por (redención) del segundo diezmo, sin aprensión, porque es una persona mala. [Esto se refiere a una moneda borrada hasta el punto de ona'ah. Él lo da por (redención) del segundo diezmo y no necesita tener aprensión de asimon (ver 4: 1), el segundo diezmo se canjea solo con una moneda (estampada con un diseño), porque se llama "moneda". Para quien no lo toma como una moneda, sino solo como plata fundida, se lo considera una persona mala.]
Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia
English Explanation of Mishnah Bava Metzia
If he [that had given the coin] recognized it, even after twelve months he should accept it [in return], but [if he does not accept it the one who received it] only has a cause for complaint [against him].
And it is permitted to use it for redeeming the Second Tithe without concern, for [he who would not receive it] is but only a cheapskate.
If a person should receive a fraudulent coin (one that weighs less than it is supposed to), he may demand that the person who gave him the coin replace it with a better coin. However, there is a time limit for making such a demand. In large towns where money-changers who could check the coin would be found, he only has as much time as it would take to bring it to a money-changer. In small towns he has until the eve of the Sabbath, since it can be assumed that most people from small towns will visit the market and see money-changers before the Sabbath.
If the person who gave him the coin recognized the coin he should exchange it even after the time mentioned above has long lapsed. However, if he refuses to exchange the coin the person who received it has no legal claim against him. The most he has is the right to make a formal complaint, which may damage the reputation of the person who gave the coin but will not legally compel him to exchange the coin.
Finally the mishnah teaches that one may redeem his Second Tithe with this coin, since anyone who would not accept the coin is only being cheap. The Second Tithe was the second ten percent of a person’s produce. It had to be brought to Jerusalem and eaten there. Since it was difficult to carry all of the produce itself to Jerusalem a person was allowed to redeem the produce with money, and then bring the money to Jerusalem to use it to buy food.