Comentario sobre Baba Metziá 4:11
אֵין מְעָרְבִין פֵּרוֹת בְּפֵרוֹת, אֲפִלּוּ חֲדָשִׁים בַּחֲדָשִׁים, וְאֵין צָרִיךְ לוֹמַר חֲדָשִׁים בִּישָׁנִים. בֶּאֱמֶת, בְּיַיִן הִתִּירוּ לְעָרֵב קָשֶׁה בְרַךְ, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא מַשְׁבִּיחוֹ. אֵין מְעָרְבִין שִׁמְרֵי יַיִן בְּיַיִן, אֲבָל נוֹתֵן לוֹ אֶת שְׁמָרָיו. מִי שֶׁנִּתְעָרֵב מַיִם בְּיֵינוֹ, לֹא יִמְכְּרֶנּוּ בַחֲנוּת אֶלָּא אִם כֵּן הוֹדִיעוֹ, וְלֹא לְתַגָּר אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהוֹדִיעוֹ, שֶׁאֵינוֹ אֶלָּא לְרַמּוֹת בּוֹ. מְקוֹם שֶׁנָּהֲגוּ לְהַטִּיל מַיִם בַּיַּיִן, יַטִּילוּ:
El producto no puede mezclarse con el producto [Si uno le dice a su vecino: "Le estoy vendiendo el producto de este campo", él no puede mezclarlo con el producto de otro campo], incluso nuevo con nuevo, y no hace falta decir , nuevo con viejo. [Si el acuerdo fuera que lo vendiera viejo, no puede mezclarlo con lo nuevo, porque lo viejo es seco y más fácilmente convertible en harina que lo nuevo.] En verdad, con el vino permitieron mezclar duro (es decir, fuerte) con suave, porque [lo duro] lo mejora [lo suave. Por lo tanto, si el acuerdo fuera que él le diera algo suave, podría mezclarlo con lo duro; pero si el acuerdo fuera que le diera duro, no puede mezclarlo con blando.] Las lías de vino [de una jarra] no pueden mezclarse con vino [de una jarra diferente.] Pero puede darle sus lías [es decir , del vino mismo.] Si el vino de uno se mezcla con agua, no puede venderlo en una tienda [p'rutah by p'rutah] a menos que le informe [(cada comprador) que se mezcló con agua], y no puede venderlo a un comerciante [de una vez] incluso si se lo informa, porque [lo toma] solo para engañarlo [y venderlo en una tienda]. En un lugar donde era costumbre poner agua en vino, pueden hacerlo. [Esto, solo entre las temporadas de prensado de vino. Ya que esta era la costumbre, no hay tergiversación aquí, ya que todos los vinos son de esta naturaleza.]
Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia
English Explanation of Mishnah Bava Metzia
Wine lees may not be mixed with wine, but [the seller] may give [the buyer] the lees that come from the same wine.
One whose wine has been mixed with water may not sell it in a store unless he informs [the buyer] and not to a merchant even if he has informed him, since [the merchant would buy it] only to deceive with it. In a place where they are accustomed to put water in wine, they may do so.
Mishnah eleven and the beginning of mishnah twelve deal with a seller’s mixing produce that comes from different fields or wine from different winepresses. The potential problem is that the seller might mix good produce with bad produce in order to hide the bad produce and thereby make it easier to sell. The remainder of mishnah twelve deals with other competitive and deceptive business practices.
One is not allowed to mix produce that comes from one field with produce that comes from another field, lest one field makes better produce than the other field. In other words, a buyer has a right to know from which field his produce is coming. New produce, probably grain that has not fully dried out, is not as valuable as old produce. Nevertheless it is forbidden to mix the produce even if both sets of produce are new. Needless to say it is forbidden to mix new produce with the old. In modern times this is akin to selling a bushel of fruit where the good fruit is on top and the bad fruit is hidden on the bottom.
Sharp wine may be mixed with weak wine since the mixture will improve the taste of both wines.
A seller may not artificially add lees to a jug of wine, thereby seeming to increase the amount of wine he is selling. On the other hand, he may sell a jug of wine with the lees that come from that wine itself. In other words, although he may not add lees to wine, he need not remove the already existing lees before he sells it. A buyer of wine should expect to receive a normal amount of lees.
One who has diluted his wine, probably to make it more drinkable, cannot sell it in a store unless he informs the purchasers that they are buying already diluted wine. He may not sell the wine to a merchant even if he informs the merchant, lest the merchant sell the wine to others without informing them that the wine is already diluted.