Quien vende un bote ha vendido el mástil, la vela, el ancla y todos sus "conductores" [los remos, por los cuales el bote es "conducido" hasta su destino]. Pero no ha vendido a los marineros, las bolsas de embalaje [para su carga] o sus mercancías. [Y todas las cosas mencionadas a continuación en "Si vendió ... no vendió ..."—si hizo un regalo del bote o lo dedicó, no están incluidos en el regalo o la dedicación. No son como bor, duth o tina de vino (arriba), que están todos "fijos" y "absorbidos" en el campo en relación con la dedicación y el don, pero estos no están "absorbidos" en absoluto.] Y si él dijo: "Se y todo lo que hay en él", todos se venden. Si vendió la carreta, no vendió las p'radoth [los animales que tiran de la carreta. Esto, si no están vinculados a él en el momento de la venta. Algunos entienden "p'radoth" como las piezas de madera, separadas (nifradim) de la carreta, por la cual se tira de la carreta. Esto, si no están vinculados a él en el momento de la venta.] Si vendió el p'radoth, no ha vendido el carro. Si vendió el yugo, no vendió el equipo. Si vendió el equipo, no vendió el yugo. R. Yehudah dice: El dinero nos informa (en cuanto a lo que se ha vendido). ¿Cómo es eso? Si él le dijo: "Véndeme tu yugo por doscientos zuz", es obvio que un yugo (en sí) no se vende por doscientos zuz. Los sabios dicen: el dinero no es una prueba. [En cuanto a la resolución (Bava Metzia 4: 3) que (con un recargo de) un sexto, la venta es válida y se devuelve el recargo, y con un recargo de más de un sexto se anula la venta, esto es cuando el comprador podría pensar erróneamente que vale tanto (más de un sexto, etc.), de modo que la venta es "una venta por error". Pero cuando el comprador no cometería tal error, como al comprar un yugo que vale un zuz por doscientos, decimos que se lo regaló y que la venta no se anula. La halajá no está de acuerdo con R. Yehudah.]
Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Batra
המוכר את הספינה – undefined.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Bava Batra
Introduction
Mishnah one deals with what is included in the sale of a boat, a wagon pulled by mules or oxen.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Batra
מכר את התורן – (see Talmud Bava Batra 73a) a tall [piece of] wood upon which they suspend the banner/flag. And the banner is a kind of curtain that they suspend on the mast towards the wind.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Bava Batra
If a man sold a ship, he has also sold the mast, the sail, the anchor, and all the means of steering it. But he has not sold the slaves, the packing-bags, or the lading. But if he had said, “It and all that is in it”, all these are sold also. If a man sells a ship without specifying what is included in the sale, all of the fixed parts of the ship are included in the sale. However, the slaves and the bags used for packaging the merchandise on the ship are not included in the sale, unless he were to specify that they were. This law is similar to many of the laws we learned in the previous chapter.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Batra
עוגין – iron that they tie with rope and throw it into the depths of the water to detain and to anchor the ship.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Bava Batra
If a man sold a wagon, he has not sold the mules, and if he sold the mules, he has not sold the wagon. If he sold the yoke, he has not sold the oxen, and if he sold the oxen, he has not sold the yoke. Rabbi Judah says: “The price tells all. How is this so? If one said to him, “Sell me your yoke for 200 zuz, it is known that no yoke costs 200 zuz.” But the sages say: “The price is not proof.” Even though a wagon is pulled by mules, if a man sold a wagon the mules are not automatically included in the sale. Likewise, if he sold the mules, he has not automatically sold the wagon. The same is true with regards to oxen and the yoke used to steer them. If a person sold one, he has not necessarily sold the other. Rabbi Judah disagrees and he thinks that the price should be able to determine what was included in the sale. If a person sold a yoke for an exorbitantly high price, it is patently obvious that the oxen were part of the sale. However, the sages do not believe that the price is proof. If a buyer pays a high amount for a yoke and then wishes to claim that he bought the oxen as well as the yoke he must bring proof.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Batra
מנהיגים – These are oars that through them they lead the ship to the place that they desire.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Batra
מרצופין – large sacks that they place goods into.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Batra
אנתיקי – [the funds and stores connected with the business – see Talmud Bava Batra 77b] the practical things that are within the ship, and all of these are considered here that are in the sale, he did not sell if he gave or dedicated the ship [to the Temple]. These are not included in the gift and the dedication to the Temple, and are not similar to a cistern or a subterranean masoned storeroom or a winepress [mentioned] in the chapter above (Chapter 4, Mishnah 2), for all of them are in land and are made void regarding a field regarding sanctification [to the Temple] and gifting. But these are not made void at all.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Batra
פרדות – [mules], animals that pull the wagon, but they are not attached to it (i.e., the wagon) at the time of the sale. But there are those who explain פרדות as wood that is separate from the wagon that on pulls the wagon with them, but they are not attached to the it at the time of the sale.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Batra
צמד – it is the yoke that they attach and tie [the] bulls together with.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Batra
אין הדמים ראיה – for that which he said that one-sixth [overcharge] he purchased [the object], and he (i.e., the seller) returns the overcharge; more than one-sixth, the purchase is void; these words are incidental that the mind errs as the purchaser thinks that it is worth such. And this is an errant purchase, but in order that the mind doesn’t error, such as the example that he purchased a yoke that was worth a Zuz for two hundred, we say that it was given to him as a gift, and there is no voiding of the transaction here. But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Yehuda.
