Comentario sobre Baba Batra 1:5
כּוֹפִין אוֹתוֹ לִבְנוֹת בֵּית שַׁעַר וְדֶלֶת לֶחָצֵר. רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר, לֹא כָל הַחֲצֵרוֹת רְאוּיוֹת לְבֵית שָׁעַר. כּוֹפִין אוֹתוֹ לִבְנוֹת לָעִיר חוֹמָה וּדְלָתַיִם וּבְרִיחַ. רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר, לֹא כָל הָעֲיָרוֹת רְאוּיוֹת לְחוֹמָה. כַּמָּה יְהֵא בָעִיר וִיהֵא כְאַנְשֵׁי הָעִיר, שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר חֹדֶשׁ. קָנָה בָהּ בֵּית דִּירָה, הֲרֵי הוּא כְאַנְשֵׁי הָעִיר מִיָּד:
Él [un ocupante de un patio que no desea ayudar a los demás] se ve obligado a construir una puerta de entrada para el patio, [donde el guardia de la puerta puede sentarse a la sombra y evitar que los transeúntes de dominio público miren hacia el interior. patio], y (se ve obligado a construir) una puerta [para la puerta del patio]. R. Shimon b. Gamliel dice: No todos los patios requieren una puerta de entrada. [Un patio no contiguo al dominio público no requiere una puerta de entrada. La halajá no está de acuerdo con R. Shimon b. Gamliel Porque incluso si no está junto al dominio público, a veces hay una presión de personas y convergen en el patio.] R. Shimon b. Gamliel dice: No todas las ciudades requieren un muro. [Una ciudad no cercana a la frontera del enemigo no requiere un muro. La halajá no está de acuerdo con R. Shimon b. Gamliel Incluso si no está cerca de la frontera del enemigo, requiere un muro, porque las bandas armadas a veces vienen allí.] ¿Cuánto tiempo debe estar alguien en una ciudad para ser considerado como uno de sus habitantes [para compartir las responsabilidades de la comunidad]? Doce meses. [Pero hoy en día, que hay un mayor movimiento, el período habitual es de treinta días.] Si uno compra una vivienda, inmediatamente se lo considera un habitante de la ciudad.
Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Batra
English Explanation of Mishnah Bava Batra
They compel [a resident of the town to contribute to] the building of a wall for the town and double doors and a bolt. Rabban Shimon ben Gamaliel says: “Not every town is fit for a wall.”
How long must a man dwell in a town to count as one of the men of the town? Twelve months. If he has purchased a dwelling place he immediately counts as one of the men of the town.
Mishnah five deals with the obligation of a person who shares a courtyard with another to help in building certain parts of the courtyard. The second half of the mishnah deals with the obligations that residents of a town have to participate in the costs of building the public structures in the town.
Section one teaches that a person who holds joint possession of a courtyard can be compelled to share in the costs of building a gate-house (where a guard would sit and protect the homes attached to the courtyard) and a door. Since these are necessities of a courtyard, one must participate in their cost. Rabban Shimon ben Gamaliel points out that not all courtyards need a gate-house. Assumedly smaller courtyards can be protected without building a gate-house. Therefore, a person would be obligated to help pay for building a gate-house only as long as the courtyard was fit for one.
Section two discusses similar laws with regards to people who live in a town. Just as in modern society people pay taxes in order to pay for the building and upkeep of town property, so too in the times of the Mishnah people had to jointly pay for the building of a wall, double-doors and a bolt to help protect the town. Again Rabban Shimon ben Gamaliel points out that not all towns are fit for walls. If the town was not a one which would usually have a wall, the residents are not obligated to share in its costs.
Finally, section three discusses how long a person must dwell in the town in order to be an official resident and thereby be obligated to pay for building its wall. There are two criteria. First of all, if he dwells in the town for twelve months he is obligated to pay. Second, if he purchases property in the town, he is immediately obligated, even if he doesn’t dwell there.