Yadayim 1

מֵי רְבִיעִית נוֹתְנִין לַיָּדַיִם, לְאֶחָד, אַף לִשְׁנַיִם. מַחֲצִית לֹג, לִשְׁלשָׁה אוֹ לְאַרְבָּעָה. מִלֹּג, לַחֲמִשָּׁה וְלַעֲשָׂרָה וּלְמֵאָה. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, וּבִלְבַד שֶׁלֹּא יִפְחֹת לָאַחֲרוֹן שֶׁבָּהֶם מֵרְבִיעִית. מוֹסִיפִין עַל הַשְּׁנִיִּים וְאֵין מוֹסִיפִין עַל הָרִאשׁוֹנִים:

A quarter [of a <i>log</i>, a specific unit of volume] of water is to be poured onto the hands, for [the ritual washing of the hands for] one person, and even for two. Half of a <i>log</i> [is to be poured from] for three or four. And from [a vessel containing] one <i>log</i> [of water], five or ten or even one hundred [people may wash their hands]. Rabbi Yose says: but only provided there not be less than a quarter [of a <i>log</i> remaining] for the last one of them [to wash]. One may add [water, by pouring it onto the hands past where it had fallen] on the second [pouring of water; i.e. on a third pouring, one can pour past where the waters fell on the second pouring]. But one may not add on the first [pouring; i.e. on the second pouring, one may not pour past where the waters fell on the first pouring].

בְּכָל הַכֵּלִים נוֹתְנִין לַיָּדַיִם, אֲפִלּוּ בִכְלֵי גְלָלִים, בִּכְלֵי אֲבָנִים, בִּכְלֵי אֲדָמָה. אֵין נוֹתְנִין לַיָּדַיִם, לֹא בְדָפְנוֹת הַכֵּלִים, וְלֹא בְשׁוּלֵי הַמַּחַץ, וְלֹא בִמְגוּפַת הֶחָבִית. וְלֹא יִתֵּן לַחֲבֵרוֹ בְחָפְנָיו, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁאֵין מְמַלְּאִין וְאֵין מְקַדְּשִׁין וְאֵין מַזִּין מֵי חַטָּאת וְאֵין נוֹתְנִים לַיָּדַיִם אֶלָּא בִכְלִי. וְאֵין מַצִּילִין בְּצָמִיד פָּתִיל אֶלָּא כֵלִים, שֶׁאֵין מַצִּילִין מִיַּד כְּלִי חֶרֶשׂ אֶלָּא כֵלִים:

One may pour [water for washing] onto the hands from all [kinds of] vessels, even from vessels of bovine dung, from vessels of stone, or from earthen vessels. One may not pour [water for washing] onto the hands out of the sides of vessels [i.e. from vessel fragments], nor using the [broken off] bottom of a large jug, nor using the bung of a cask, nor may one pour [water] onto [the hands of] his fellow out of the hollow of his [own] hand, since one may only fill, sanctify, or sprinkle the <i>chatat</i> waters [the waters containing the ashes of the red heifer, used as part of the purification ritual] with a vessel, nor may one take them into one's hands. And nothing can be preserved [from being rendered impure, in cases of an impurity caused by being overshadowed by an enclosed area containing an Origin of impurity] by means of a tight seal [which can sometimes protect against an overshadowing impurity], unless it is [contained within] a [whole] vessel. And something can only be preserved from [being rendered impure by an impure object contained beside it within] an earthenware vessel if it is itself a vessel.

הַמַּיִם שֶׁנִּפְסְלוּ מִשְּׁתִיַּת הַבְּהֵמָה, בְּכֵלִים, פְּסוּלִים. וּבְקַרְקָעוֹת, כְּשֵׁרִים. נָפַל לְתוֹכָן דְּיוֹ, קוֹמוֹס, וְקַנְקַנְתּוֹם וְנִשְׁתַּנּוּ מַרְאֵיהֶן, פְּסוּלִין. עָשָׂה בָהֶם מְלָאכָה אוֹ שֶׁשָּׁרָה בָהֶן פִּתּוֹ, פְּסוּלִין. שִׁמְעוֹן הַתִּמְנִי אוֹמֵר, אֲפִלּוּ נִתְכַּוֵּן לִשְׁרוֹת בָּזֶה וְנָפַל לַשֵּׁנִי, כְּשֵׁרִים:

Regarding waters which have become unfit for animals to drink, if they are in [any kind of] vessels, they are invalid [for washing one's hands]; and if they are in the ground [i.e. in a ditch], they are valid [for washing with them, by immersing one's hands in them]. If ink, sap, or metallic dye fall into them and change their appearance, they are invalid [i.e. the waters are invalid for washing]. If they had been used for any occupation, or if one soaked one's bread in them, they are invalid. Shimon, the Teimani said: even if one intended to soak [one's bread] in these [waters], and it fell into those [waters instead], they are valid [for washing].

הֵדִיחַ בָּהֶם אֶת הַכֵּלִים אוֹ שֶׁמִּחָה בָהֶם אֶת הַמִּדּוֹת, פְּסוּלִים. הֵדִיחַ בָּהֶם כֵּלִים מוּדָחִים אוֹ חֲדָשִׁים, כְּשֵׁרִים. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי פוֹסֵל בַּחֲדָשִׁים:

If one rinsed vessels in them, or if one cleaned out measuring vessels with them, they [i.e. the waters used] are invalid. If one rinsed out [already] rinsed or new vessels, they are valid [i.e. the waters are valid to be used for washing]. Rabbi Yose invalidates [the waters] regarding new ones.

הַמַּיִם שֶׁהַנַּחְתּוֹם מַטְבִּיל בָּהֶם אֶת הַגְּלֻסְקִין, פְּסוּלִים. וּכְשֶׁהוּא מֵדִיחַ אֶת יָדָיו בָּהֶן, כְּשֵׁרִים. הַכֹּל כְּשֵׁרִים לִתֵּן לַיָּדַיִם, אֲפִלּוּ חֵרֵשׁ שׁוֹטֶה וְקָטָן. מַנִּיחַ חָבִית בֵּין בִּרְכָּיו וְנוֹטֵל. מַטֶּה חָבִית עַל צִדָּהּ וְנוֹטֵל. וְהַקּוֹף נוֹטֵל לַיָּדַיִם. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי פוֹסֵל בִּשְׁנֵי אֵלּוּ:

Waters into which the baker has dipped [unbaked] rolls are invalid. And when he [instead] rinses his hands in them [and then splashes the rolls with water from his hands], they are valid [i.e. the waters in which he rinsed his hands]. Anyone is valid to pour onto the hands [of another person, in order to wash them], even a deaf and dumb individual, a cognitively impaired individual, or a minor. A man may place a cask between his knees to pour [the water over his hands, to wash them], or tip a barrel onto its side and pour [onto his hands]. An ape may pour [water for washing] onto one's hands. Rabbi Yose considers these two [i.e. tipping a barrel or using an ape] to be invalid.