Terumot 11

Chapter 11

א אֵין נוֹתְנִין דְּבֵלָה וּגְרוֹגָרוֹת לְתוֹךְ הַמּוּרְיָס, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא מְאַבְּדָן, אֲבָל נוֹתְנִין אֶת הַיַּיִן לַמּוּרְיָס. וְאֵין מְפַטְּמִין אֶת הַשֶּׁמֶן, אֲבָל עוֹשִׂין אֶת הַיַּיִן יֵנוּמְלִין. אֵין מְבַשְּׁלִין יַיִן שֶׁל תְּרוּמָה, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא מַמְעִיטוֹ. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה מַתִּיר, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא מַשְׁבִּיחוֹ:

1 One may not put a pressed fig cake or dried figs [that are Terumah, produce consecrated for priestly consumption] into fish brine, since it ruins them. But one may place [Terumah] wine into fish brine. One may not spice [Terumah] oil, but one may put honey and pepper into wine. One may not cook Terumah wine, because it decreases it. Rabbi Yehudah permits this, because it improves it.

ב דְּבַשׁ תְּמָרִים, וְיֵין תַּפּוּחִים, וְחֹמֶץ סִתְוָנִיּוֹת, וּשְׁאָר כָּל מֵי פֵרוֹת שֶׁל תְּרוּמָה, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר מְחַיֵּב קֶרֶן וְחֹמֶשׁ, וְרַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ פּוֹטֵר. וְרַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר מְטַמֵּא מִשּׁוּם מַשְׁקֶה. אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ, לֹא מָנוּ חֲכָמִים שִׁבְעָה מַשְׁקִים כְּמוֹנֵי פְטָמִים, אֶלָּא אָמְרוּ, שִׁבְעָה מַשְׁקִין טְמֵאִים, וּשְׁאָר כָּל הַמַּשְׁקִין טְהוֹרִין:

2 [A non-priest who drank] honey of date, wine of apples, vinegar of winter grapes, and all other kinds of fruit juice of Terumah, Rabbi Eliezer makes him liable in [paying their] principal value and the fifth. Rabbi Yehoshua exempts. Rabbi Eliezer declares [these] susceptible to impurity as liquids. Rabbi Yehoshua says: the Sages did not count seven liquids as those that count spices, but rather stated: seven liquids make [things] susceptible to impurity, whereas all other liquids do not make susceptible.

ג אֵין עוֹשִׂין תְּמָרִים דְּבַשׁ, וְלֹא תַפּוּחִים יַיִן, וְלֹא סִתְוָנִיּוֹת חֹמֶץ, וּשְׁאָר כָּל הַפֵּרוֹת אֵין מְשַׁנִּין אוֹתָם מִבְּרִיָּתָן בִּתְרוּמָה וּבְמַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי, אֶלָּא זֵיתִים וַעֲנָבִים בִּלְבָד. אֵין סוֹפְגִין אַרְבָּעִים מִשּׁוּם עָרְלָה, אֶלָּא עַל הַיּוֹצֵא מִן הַזֵּיתִים וּמִן הָעֲנָבִים. וְאֵין מְבִיאִין בִּכּוּרִים מַשְׁקִין, אֶלָּא הַיּוֹצֵא מִן הַזֵּיתִים וּמִן הָעֲנָבִים. וְאֵינוֹ מִטַּמֵּא מִשּׁוּם מַשְׁקֶה, אֶלָּא הַיּוֹצֵא מִן הַזֵּיתִים וּמִן הָעֲנָבִים. וְאֵין מַקְרִיבִין עַל גַּבֵּי הַמִּזְבֵּחַ, אֶלָּא הַיּוֹצֵא מִן הַזֵּיתִים וּמִן הָעֲנָבִים:

3 One must not make dates into honey, apples into wine, winter grapes into vinegar, or change any other kind of fruit from their natural state in [a case where they are] Terumah or Ma'aser Sheni [second tithe, which must be eaten in Jerusalem], except olives and grapes alone. One does not receive forty lashes on account of Orlah [fruits in the first three years after their planting, which may not be eaten], except for that which comes out of olives and out of grapes. One may not bring liquids as Bikurim [first-fruits that must be given to the priest], except for that which comes out of olives and out of grapes. And it [fruit juice] is not susceptible to impurity as liquids, except for that which comes out of olives and out of grapes. And [fruit juice] cannot be offered on the altar, except for that which comes out of olives and out of grapes.

ד עֻקְצֵי תְאֵנִים וּגְרוֹגָרוֹת, וְהַכְּלִיסִים וְהֶחָרוּבִין שֶׁל תְּרוּמָה, אֲסוּרִים לְזָרִים:

4 The stems of fresh figs and dried figs and Kelisim [type of fruit] and carobs of Terumah are forbidden to non-priests.

ה גַּרְעִינֵי תְרוּמָה, בִּזְמַן שֶׁהוּא מְכַנְּסָן, אֲסוּרוֹת, וְאִם הִשְׁלִיכָן, מֻתָּרוֹת. וְכֵן עַצְמוֹת הַקָּדָשִׁים, בִּזְמַן שֶׁהוּא מְכַנְּסָן, אֲסוּרִין, וְאִם הִשְׁלִיכָן, מֻתָּרִין. הַמֻּרְסָן מֻתָּר. סֻבִּין שֶׁל חֲדָשׁוֹת אֲסוּרוֹת, וְשֶׁל יְשָׁנוֹת מֻתָּרוֹת. וְנוֹהֵג בַּתְּרוּמָה כְּדֶרֶךְ שֶׁהוּא נוֹהֵג בַּחֻלִּין. הַמְסַלֵּת קַב אוֹ קַבַּיִם לִסְאָה, לֹא יְאַבֵּד אֶת הַשְּׁאָר, אֶלָּא יַנִּיחֶנּוּ בְּמָקוֹם הַמֻּצְנָע:

5 Seeds of Terumah [fruit]: When he gathers them in, they are forbidden [to non-priests]. But if he throws them away, they are permitted. Similarly, the bones of holy things: When he gathers them in, they are forbidden. But if he throws them away, they are permitted. Coarse bran is permitted. Bran-flour of Chadash [grain from the current year that one is forbidden to eat] is forbidden, and Yashan [grain from the previous year that one is permitted to eat] is permitted. One may act with regard to Terumah as one does with regard to Chulin [non-sacred produce]. One who sifts a Kav [specific unit of volume] or two [of fine flour] from a Se'ah [specific unit of volume] of wheat, should not ruin the rest, but rather should put it in a hidden place.

ו מְגוּרָה שֶׁפִּנָּה מִמֶּנָּה חִטֵּי תְרוּמָה, אֵין מְחַיְּבִין אוֹתוֹ לִהְיוֹת יוֹשֵׁב וּמְלַקֵּט אַחַת אַחַת, אֶלָּא מְכַבֵּד כְּדַרְכּוֹ, וְנוֹתֵן לְתוֹכָהּ חֻלִּין:

6 A store-chamber that was cleared of Terumah wheat, one should not require him to be sitting and collecting each and every [grain], but rather he may sweep it in his usual manner and then deposit Chulin in it.

ז וְכֵן חָבִית שֶׁל שֶׁמֶן שֶׁנִּשְׁפְּכָה, אֵין מְחַיְּבִין אוֹתוֹ לִהְיוֹת יוֹשֵׁב וּמְטַפֵּחַ, אֶלָּא נוֹהֵג בָּהּ כְּדֶרֶךְ שֶׁהוּא נוֹהֵג בְּחֻלִּין:

7 Similarly, a jar of oil that was spilled, one should not require him to be sitting and scooping it up [with his fingers], but rather he may deal with it as he would in a case of Chulin.

ח הַמְעָרֶה מִכַּד לְכַד וְנוֹטֵף שָׁלֹשׁ טִפִּים, נוֹתֵן לְתוֹכָהּ חֻלִּין. הִרְכִּינָהּ וּמִצָּהּ, הֲרֵי זוֹ תְרוּמָה. וְכַמָּה תְהֵא בִתְרוּמַת מַעֲשֵׂר שֶׁל דְּמַאי וְיוֹלִיכֶנָּה לַכֹּהֵן, אֶחָד מִשְּׁמֹנָה לַשְּׁמִינִית:

8 One who pours from jar to jar and drips three drops, he may place in it Chulin. But if he tilted the jar and gathered [the drops], it is Terumah. How much Terumat Ma'aser [a portion of the tithes that is given to the priest] of Demai [produce from which it is uncertain if tithes were already taken] must there be for him to take it to the priest? One eighth of a Sheminit [specific unit of volume].

ט כַּרְשִׁינֵי תְרוּמָה, מַאֲכִילִין אוֹתָם לַבְּהֵמָה וְלַחַיָּה וְלַתַּרְנְגוֹלִים. יִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁשָּׂכַר פָּרָה מִכֹּהֵן, מַאֲכִילָהּ כַּרְשִׁינֵי תְרוּמָה. וְכֹהֵן שֶׁשָּׂכַר פָּרָה מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁמְּזוֹנוֹתֶיהָ עָלָיו, לֹא יַאֲכִילֶנָּה כַרְשִׁינֵי תְרוּמָה. יִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁשָּׁם פָּרָה מִכֹּהֵן, לֹא יַאֲכִילֶנָּה כַרְשִׁינֵי תְרוּמָה. וְכֹהֵן שֶׁשָּׁם פָּרָה מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל, מַאֲכִילָהּ כַּרְשִׁינֵי תְרוּמָה:

9 Vetches of Terumah, they may be fed to cattle, to wild beasts or to chickens. An Israelite who hired a cow from a priest, he may feed it vetches of Terumah. But a priest who hired a cow from an Israelite, even though the responsibility of its food is his, he may not feed it vetches of Terumah. An Israelite who undertakes the care of a cow from a priest by [splitting the growth in its] appraised value, he may not feed it vetches of Terumah. But a priest who undertakes the care of a cow from an Israelite by appraised value, he may feed it vetches of Terumah.

י מַדְלִיקִין שֶׁמֶן שְׂרֵפָה בְּבָתֵּי כְנֵסִיּוֹת, וּבְבָתֵּי מִדְרָשׁוֹת, וּבַמְּבוֹאוֹת הָאֲפֵלִין, וְעַל גַּבֵּי הַחוֹלִין בִּרְשׁוּת כֹּהֵן. בַּת יִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁנִּשֵּׂאת לְכֹהֵן, וְהִיא לְמוּדָה אֵצֶל אָבִיהָ, אָבִיהָ מַדְלִיק בִּרְשׁוּתָהּ. מַדְלִיקִין בְּבֵית הַמִּשְׁתֶּה, אֲבָל לֹא בְבֵית הָאֵבֶל, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי יְהוּדָה. וְרַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, בְּבֵית הָאֵבֶל, אֲבָל לֹא בְבֵית הַמִּשְׁתֶּה. רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹסֵר כָּאן וְכָאן. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן מַתִּיר כָּאן וְכָאן:

10 One may burn oil that has to be burnt [because it is contaminated Terumah] in synagogues, houses of study, dark alleys, and for sick people with permission of a priest. The daughter of an Israelite who is married to a priest and regularly goes to her father’s house, her father may burn [such oil] with her permission. One may burn [such oil] in the house of celebration but not in the house of mourning, the words of Rabbi Yehudah. Rabbi Yosi says: in the house of mourning, but not in the house of celebration. Rabbi Meir forbids [both] here and here. Rabbi Shimon permits here and here.

Previous Chapter