Sheviit 9

Chapter 9

א הַפֵּגָם, וְהַיַּרְבּוּזִין הַשּׁוֹטִים, וְהַחֲלַגְלוֹגִית, כֻּסְבָּר שֶׁבֶּהָרִים, וְהַכַּרְפַּס שֶׁבַּנְּהָרוֹת, וְהַגַּרְגֵּר שֶׁל אֲפָר, פְּטוּרִין מִן הַמַּעַשְׂרוֹת, וְנִלְקָחִין מִכָּל אָדָם בַּשְּׁבִיעִית, שֶׁאֵין כַּיּוֹצֵא בָהֶם נִשְׁמָר. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, סְפִיחֵי חַרְדָּל, מֻתָּרִין, שֶׁלֹּא נֶחְשְׁדוּ עֲלֵיהֶן עוֹבְרֵי עֲבֵרָה. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, כָּל הַסְּפִיחִין מֻתָּרִין, חוּץ מִסְּפִיחֵי כְרוּב, שֶׁאֵין כַּיּוֹצֵא בָהֶם בְּיַרְקוֹת שָׂדֶה. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, כָּל הַסְּפִיחִין אֲסוּרִין:
1 Rue, wild <i>Albersia Blitum</i>, purslane, mountain coriander, river celery, and <i>Eruca Sativa</i> are all exempt from tithes and may be purchased from anybody during the Sabbatical year, because their counterparts are not guarded. Rabbi Yehudah says, mustard aftergrowths are permitted, since transgressors are not suspected concerning them. Rabbi Shimon says, all aftergrowths are permitted, except for cabbage aftergrowths, since they have no counterparts in field vegetation. The Sages say: all aftergrowths are prohibited.
ב שָׁלֹשׁ אֲרָצוֹת לַבִּעוּר, יְהוּדָה, וְעֵבֶר הַיַּרְדֵּן, וְהַגָּלִיל. וְשָׁלֹשׁ שָׁלֹשׁ אֲרָצוֹת לְכָל אַחַת וְאַחַת. גָּלִיל הָעֶלְיוֹן, וְגָלִיל הַתַּחְתּוֹן, וְהָעֵמֶק. מִכְּפַר חֲנַנְיָה וּלְמַעְלָן, כָּל שֶׁאֵינוֹ מְגַדֵּל שִׁקְמִין, גָּלִיל הָעֶלְיוֹן, וּמִכְּפַר חֲנַנְיָה וּלְמַטָּן, כָּל שֶׁהוּא מְגַדֵּל שִׁקְמִין, גָּלִיל הַתַּחְתּוֹן. וּתְחוּם טְבֶרְיָא, הָעֵמֶק. וּבִיהוּדָה, הָהָר וְהַשְּׁפֵלָה וְהָעֵמֶק. וּשְׁפֵלַת לוּד כִּשְׁפֵלַת הַדָּרוֹם, וְהָהָר שֶׁלָּהּ כְּהַר הַמֶּלֶךְ. מִבֵּית חוֹרוֹן וְעַד הַיָּם מְדִינָה אֶחָת:
2 There are three regions [delineated by] <i>Bi'ur</i> [requirement to destroy all Sabbatical produce when its season is finished]: Judah, Transjordan, and the Galilee. There are three subregions within each and every region. The upper Galilee, the lower Galilee, and the valley; From Kfar Chananya and above - all [of the land] that does not grow sycamores - is the upper Galilee; from Kfar Chananya and below - all [of the land] that does grow sycamores - is the lower Galilee. And the boundary of Tiberius - is the valley. And in Judah: the hill, the plain, and the valley. And the plain of Lod is like the plain of the south, and its hill is like the king's hill. From Beit Choron to the sea is one district.
ג וְלָמָּה אָמְרוּ שָׁלֹשׁ אֲרָצוֹת, שֶׁיִּהְיוּ אוֹכְלִין בְּכָל אַחַת וְאַחַת עַד שֶׁיִּכְלֶה הָאַחֲרוֹן שֶׁבָּהּ. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, לֹא אָמְרוּ שָׁלֹשׁ אֲרָצוֹת אֶלָּא בִיהוּדָה. וּשְׁאָר כָּל הָאֲרָצוֹת, כְּהַר הַמֶּלֶךְ. וְכָל הָאֲרָצוֹת, כְּאַחַת לַזֵּיתִים וְלַתְּמָרִים:
3 Why did they delineate three regions? For they would eat in each [region] until the last of its [produce] was finished. Rabbi Shimon says: there are three regions only in Judah. But the other regions are all considered as the king's hill. And all of the regions are considered the same regarding [the end time of] olives and dates.
ד אוֹכְלִין עַל הַמֻּפְקָר, אֲבָל לֹא עַל הַשָּׁמוּר. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי מַתִּיר אַף עַל הַשָּׁמוּר. אוֹכְלִין עַל הַטְּפִיחִין וְעַל הַדּוּפְרָא, אֲבָל לֹא עַל הַסִּתְוָנִיּוֹת. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה מַתִּיר כָּל זְמַן שֶׁבִּכְּרוּ עַד שֶׁלֹּא יִכְלֶה הַקָּיִץ:
4 One may continue to eat [Sabbatical produce] on the basis of ownerless [produce not having yet been finished], but not on the basis of guarded produce. Rabbi Yosi permits even on the basis of guarded produce. One may eat on the basis of poor quality grain or on the basis of the second crop, but not on the basis of winter fruits. Rabbi Yehudah permits so long as the winter fruit began to ripen before the end of the summer [of the Sabbatical year].
ה הַכּוֹבֵשׁ שְׁלֹשָׁה כְבָשִׁים בְּחָבִית אַחַת, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, אוֹכְלִין עַל הָרִאשׁוֹן. רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר, אַף עַל הָאַחֲרוֹן. רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר, כָּל שֶׁכָּלָה מִינוֹ מִן הַשָּׂדֶה, יְבַעֵר מִינוֹ מִן הֶחָבִית, וַהֲלָכָה כִדְבָרָיו. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, כָּל יָרָק, אֶחָד לַבִּעוּר. אוֹכְלִין בָּרְגִילָה עַד שֶׁיִּכְלוּ סִגָּרִיּוֹת מִבִּקְעַת בֵּית נְטוֹפָה:
5 One who pickles three kinds of vegetables in one jar: Rabbi Eliezer says they may be eaten because of the first [not having yet been finished]. But Rabbi Yehoshua says: even because of the last. Rabban Gamliel says: all whose species has finished from the field, that species requires <i>Bi'ur</i> from the jar. Rabbi Shimon says: all vegetables are regarded as one [species] in respect to <i>Bi'ur</i>. Purslane may be eaten until wild purslane are finished from the valley of Beit Netofa.
ו הַמְלַקֵּט עֲשָׂבִים לַחִים, עַד שֶׁיִּיבַשׁ הַמָּתוֹק. וְהַמְגַבֵּב בַּיָּבֵשׁ, עַד שֶׁתֵּרֵד רְבִיעָה שְׁנִיָּה. עֲלֵי קָנִים וַעֲלֵי גְפָנִים, עַד שֶׁיִּשְּׁרוּ מֵאֲבִיהֶן. וְהַמְגַבֵּב בַּיָּבֵשׁ, עַד שֶׁתֵּרֵד רְבִיעָה שְׁנִיָּה. רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, בְּכֻלָּן עַד שֶׁתֵּרֵד רְבִיעָה שְׁנִיָּה:
6 One who picks fresh grasses, [may eat them] until their sweetness has dried up. One who gathers dry [plants], [may eat them] until the second seasonal rain falls. Reed leaves and grape leaves may be eaten until they fall from their parents; but one who gathers [them] dry, [may eat them] until the second seasonal rain falls. Rabbi Akiva says, all of them [may be eaten] until the second seasonal rain falls.
ז כַּיּוֹצֵא בוֹ, הַמַּשְׂכִּיר בַּיִת לַחֲבֵרוֹ עַד הַגְּשָׁמִים, עַד שֶׁתֵּרֵד רְבִיעָה שְׁנִיָּה. הַמֻּדַּר הֲנָאָה מֵחֲבֵרוֹ עַד הַגְּשָׁמִים, עַד שֶׁתֵּרֵד רְבִיעָה שְׁנִיָּה. עַד אֵימָתַי עֲנִיִּים נִכְנָסִים לַפַּרְדֵּסוֹת, עַד שֶׁתֵּרֵד רְבִיעָה שְׁנִיָּה. מֵאֵימָתַי נֶהֱנִין וְשׂוֹרְפִין בַּתֶּבֶן וּבַקַּשׁ שֶׁל שְׁבִיעִית, מִשֶׁתֵּרֵד רְבִיעָה שְׁנִיָּה:
7 Similarly, one who rents a house to another "until the rainy season": [this means] until the second seasonal rain falls. One who swears off benefit from another "until the rainy season": [this means] until the second seasonal rain falls. Until when may the poor enter into the orchards? Until the second seasonal rain falls. From when may one draw benefit and burn the straw and stubble of the Sabbatical year? From when the second seasonal rain falls.
ח מִי שֶׁהָיוּ לוֹ פֵּרוֹת שְׁבִיעִית וְהִגִּיעַ שְׁעַת הַבִּעוּר, מְחַלֵּק מְזוֹן שָׁלֹשׁ סְעֻדּוֹת לְכָל אֶחָד וְאֶחָד. וַעֲנִיִּים אוֹכְלִין אַחַר הַבִּעוּר, אֲבָל לֹא עֲשִׁירִים, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי יְהוּדָה. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, אֶחָד עֲנִיִּים וְאֶחָד עֲשִׁירִים אוֹכְלִין אַחַר הַבִּעוּר:
8 If one possessed Sabbatical produce and the [time of] <i>Bi'ur</i> arrived, he may distribute three meals-worth of the produce to everyone [in his household]. The poor may continue to eat after the [time of] <i>Bi'ur</i>, but not the rich, according to Rabbi Yehudah. Rabbi Yosi says, both the poor and the rich may eat [from the fields] after the [time of] <i>Bi'ur</i>.
ט מִי שֶׁהָיוּ לוֹ פֵּרוֹת שְׁבִיעִית שֶׁנָּפְלוּ לוֹ בִירֻשָּׁה אוֹ שֶׁנִּתְּנוּ לוֹ בְּמַתָּנָה, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, יִנָּתְנוּ לְאוֹכְלֵיהֶן. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, אֵין הַחוֹטֵא נִשְׂכָּר, אֶלָּא יִמָּכְרוּ לְאוֹכְלֵיהֶן, וּדְמֵיהֶם יִתְחַלְּקוּ לְכָל אָדָם. הָאוֹכֵל מֵעִסַּת שְׁבִיעִית עַד שֶׁלֹּא הוּרְמָה חַלָּתָהּ, חַיָּב מִיתָה:
9 If one possessed produce of the Sabbatical year that came to him as an inheritance, or that was given to him as a gift; Rabbi Eliezer says it may be given to those who eat it. The Sages say: the transgressor may not benefit, but rather it may be sold to those who eat it, and the money should be distributed to all people. One who eats dough of the Sabbatical year before <i>Challah</i> [dough that must be set aside for the priest] has been taken from it, is liable to the death penalty.