Sheviit 8

Chapter 8

א כְּלָל גָּדוֹל אָמְרוּ בַּשְּׁבִיעִית, כָּל הַמְיֻחָד לְמַאֲכַל אָדָם, אֵין עוֹשִׂין מִמֶּנּוּ מְלוּגְמָא לָאָדָם, וְאֵין צָרִיךְ לוֹמַר לַבְּהֵמָה. וְכָל שֶׁאֵינוֹ מְיֻחָד לְמַאֲכַל אָדָם, עוֹשִׂין מִמֶּנּוּ מְלוּגְמָא לְאָדָם, אֲבָל לֹא לִבְהֵמָה. וְכָל שֶׁאֵינוֹ מְיֻחָד לֹא לְמַאֲכַל אָדָם וְלֹא לְמַאֲכַל בְּהֵמָה, חָשַׁב עָלָיו לְמַאֲכַל אָדָם וּלְמַאֲכַל בְּהֵמָה, נוֹתְנִין עָלָיו חֻמְרֵי אָדָם וְחֻמְרֵי בְהֵמָה. חָשַׁב עָלָיו לְעֵצִים, הֲרֵי הוּא כְעֵצִים, כְּגוֹן הַסִּיאָה וְהָאֵזוֹב וְהַקּוֹרָנִית:

1 An important rule that they [the Sages] said regarding the Sabbatical year: anything that is specifically [considered] human food cannot be made into a plaster for humans, and it need not be said [that it cannot be made into a plaster] for animals. And anything that is not specifically [considered] human food can be made into a plaster for people but not for animals. And anything that is neither specifically [considered] human food nor animal food: [if] he intended it [at the time of picking] to be both human food and animal food, it takes on the stringencies of human food and the stringencies of animal food. [If] he intended it for wood, it is considered wood [and can therefore only be used to feed fire]. For example, Satureia Thymbra, hyssop, and thyme [can all be used either as food or as wood].

ב שְׁבִיעִית, נִתְּנָה לַאֲכִילָה וְלִשְׁתִיָּה וּלְסִיכָה, לֶאֱכֹל דָּבָר שֶׁדַּרְכּוֹ לֶאֱכֹל, וְלָסוּךְ דָּבָר שֶׁדַּרְכּוֹ לָסוּךְ. לֹא יָסוּךְ יַיִן וָחֹמֶץ, אֲבָל סָךְ הוּא אֶת הַשָּׁמֶן. וְכֵן בִּתְרוּמָה וּבְמַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי. קַל מֵהֶם שְׁבִיעִית, שֶׁנִּתְּנָה לְהַדְלָקַת הַנֵּר:

2 [Produce grown during] the Sabbatical year may be used for eating or for drinking or for anointing; for eating that which is normally eaten, and for anointing that which is normally used to smear. He may not anoint with wine or vinegar, but he may anoint with oil. And so too in [produce that is] Terumah [produce consecrated for priestly consumption] or Ma'aser Sheni [second tithe, which must be eaten in Jerusalem]. The [law of the] Sabbatical year is more lenient than them in that it[s produce] may be used to light a candle.

ג אֵין מוֹכְרִין פֵּרוֹת שְׁבִיעִית, לֹא בְמִדָּה, וְלֹא בְמִשְׁקָל, וְלֹא בְמִנְיָן, וְלֹא תְאֵנִים בְּמִנְיָן, וְלֹא יָרָק בְּמִשְׁקָל. בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, אַף לֹא אֲגֻדּוֹת. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, אֶת שֶׁדַּרְכּוֹ לֶאֱגֹד בַּבַּיִת, אוֹגְדִין אוֹתוֹ בַּשּׁוּק, כְּגוֹן הַכְּרֵשִׁין וְנֵץ הֶחָלָב:

3 One may not sell fruit [grown during] the Sabbatical year, neither by size, nor by weight, nor by number, and not [even] figs by number, and not [even] vegetables by weight. The school of Shammai say: he may not even [sell produce] by bundles. And the school of Hillel say: that which is normally bundled [for eating] at home can be bundled in the market, like leek and Netz HeChalav [unknown plant].

ד הָאוֹמֵר לַפּוֹעֵל, הֵא לָךְ אִסָּר זֶה וּלְקֹט לִי יָרָק הַיּוֹם, שְׂכָרוֹ מֻתָּר. לְקֹט לִי בּוֹ יָרָק הַיּוֹם, שְׂכָרוֹ אָסוּר. לָקַח מִן הַנַּחְתּוֹם כִּכָּר בְּפוּנְדְּיוֹן, כְּשֶׁאֶלְקֹט יַרְקוֹת שָׂדֶה אָבִיא לָךְ, מֻתָּר. לָקַח מִמֶּנּוּ סְתָם, לֹא יְשַׁלֵּם לוֹ מִדְּמֵי שְׁבִיעִית, שֶׁאֵין פּוֹרְעִין חוֹב מִדְּמֵי שְׁבִיעִית:

4 One who says to his worker, "Take this Issar [specific unit of money] and pick a vegetable for me today," his payment is permitted. [If he said to him,] "Pick for me with this today," his payment is forbidden. [If] he bought a loaf from the baker for a Fundyon [specific unit of money, and said to him,] "When I pick vegetables from [my] field, I will bring them to you," [this form of payment is] permitted. If he bought [from the baker] without specifying [the form of payment], he may not pay him with money from Sabbatical year [produce] because one may not pay back a debt with money from Sabbatical year [produce].

ה אֵין נוֹתְנִים, לֹא לְבַיָּר, וְלֹא לְבַלָּן, וְלֹא לְסַפָּר, וְלֹא לְסַפָּן. אֲבָל נוֹתֵן הוּא לְבַיָּר לִשְׁתּוֹת. וּלְכֻלָּן, הוּא נוֹתֵן מַתְּנַת חִנָּם:

5 [Money from Sabbatical year produce] may not be given to a well digger nor to the owner of a bathhouse nor to a barber nor to a captain of a ship. But it may be given to a well digger in exchange for a drink. And to all of them, he may give a free gift [of Sabbatical year produce].

ו תְּאֵנִים שֶׁל שְׁבִיעִית, אֵין קוֹצִין אוֹתָן בְּמֻקְצֶה, אֲבָל קוֹצֶה אוֹתָם בַּחַרְבָּה. אֵין דּוֹרְכִין עֲנָבִים בַּגַּת, אֲבָל דּוֹרֵךְ הוּא בָּעֲרֵבָה. וְאֵין עוֹשִׂין זֵיתִים בַּבַּד וּבַקֹּטֶב, אֲבָל כּוֹתֵשׁ הוּא וּמַכְנִיס לַבּוֹדִידָה. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, אַף טוֹחֵן הוּא בְּבֵית הַבַּד וּמַכְנִיס לַבּוֹדִידָה:

6 Figs [grown during] the Sabbatical year may not be cut with a fig-cutter, but may be cut with a knife. Grapes [grown during the Sabbatical year] may not be stomped in a wine press, but may be stomped in a kneading trough. And olives may not be processed in an olive press or a small olive press, but he may crush and put them in a very small olive press. Rabbi Shimon says: He may even grind them in an olive press and then put them in a very small olive press.

ז אֵין מְבַשְּׁלִין יָרָק שֶׁל שְׁבִיעִית בְּשֶׁמֶן שֶׁל תְּרוּמָה, שֶׁלֹּא יְבִיאֶנּוּ לִידֵי פְסוּל. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן מַתִּיר. וְאַחֲרוֹן אַחֲרוֹן, נִתְפָּשׂ בַּשְּׁבִיעִית. וְהַפְּרִי עַצְמוֹ, אָסוּר:

7 One may not cook a vegetable [grown during] the Sabbatical year in oil that is Terumah, so that he will not cause it to become invalid. Rabbi Shimon permits this. The very last [item bought with the proceeds of selling Sabbatical produce] is seized by the laws of the Sabbatical year. And the [original] fruit itself is [still] forbidden [like other Sabbatical produce].

ח אֵין לוֹקְחִים עֲבָדִים וְקַרְקָעוֹת וּבְהֵמָה טְמֵאָה מִדְּמֵי שְׁבִיעִית. וְאִם לָקַח, יֹאכַל כְּנֶגְדָּן. אֵין מְבִיאִין קִנֵּי זָבִים וְקִנֵּי זָבוֹת וְקִנֵּי יוֹלְדוֹת מִדְּמֵי שְׁבִיעִית. וְאִם הֵבִיא, יֹאכַל כְּנֶגְדָּן. אֵין סָכִין כֵּלִים בְּשֶׁמֶן שֶׁל שְׁבִיעִית. וְאִם סָךְ, יֹאכַל כְּנֶגְדּוֹ:

8 One may not buy slaves or land or impure animals with money [received in exchange for] Sabbatical [produce]. And if he bought [them], he must eat a corresponding amount [of other food as if it were Sabbatical produce]. One may not bring the bird sacrifices of Zavim [men who have an abnormal seminal discharge] or bird sacrifices of Zavot [women who have an abnormal vaginal discharge] or bird sacrifices of women who gave birth from money [received in exchange for] Sabbatical [produce]. And if he brought [them], he must eat a corresponding amount. One may not anoint vessels with oil [grown during] the Sabbatical year. And if he anointed, he must eat a corresponding amount.

ט עוֹר שֶׁסָּכוֹ בְּשֶׁמֶן שֶׁל שְׁבִיעִית, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, יִדָּלֵק. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, יֹאכַל כְּנֶגְדּוֹ. אָמְרוּ לִפְנֵי רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא, אוֹמֵר הָיָה רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר, עוֹר שֶׁסָּכוֹ בְשֶׁמֶן שֶׁל שְׁבִיעִית, יִדָּלֵק. אָמַר לָהֶם, שְׁתֹקוּ, לֹא אוֹמַר לָכֶם מַה שֶּׁרַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר בּוֹ:

9 Animal hide which is anointed in oil [grown during] the Sabbatical year, Rabbi Eliezer says: it must be lit on fire. And the Sages say: he must eat a corresponding amount [of other food as if it were Sabbatical produce]. They [the Sages] said in front of Rabbi Akiva: Rabbi Eliezer would say, "Animal hide which is anointed in oil [produced during] the Sabbatical year must be burned." He responded to them: Quiet! I will not tell you what Rabbi Eliezer says about this.

י וְעוֹד אָמְרוּ לְפָנָיו, אוֹמֵר הָיָה רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר, הָאוֹכֵל פַּת כּוּתִים כְּאוֹכֵל בְּשַׂר חֲזִיר. אָמַר לָהֶם, שְׁתֹקוּ, לֹא אוֹמַר לָכֶם מַה שֶּׁרַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר בּוֹ:

10 And they [the Sages] said another [law] in front of him [Rabbi Akiva]: Rabbi Eliezer would say, "One who eats the bread of Cuthites is like one who eats pig meat." He responded to them: Quiet! I will not tell you what Rabbi Eliezer says about this.

יא מֶרְחָץ שֶׁהֻסְּקָה בְּתֶבֶן אוֹ בְקַשׁ שֶׁל שְׁבִיעִית, מֻתָּר לִרְחֹץ בָּהּ. וְאִם מִתְחַשֵּׁב הוּא, הֲרֵי זֶה לֹא יִרְחֹץ:

11 A bathhouse that is heated with straw or stubble [grown during] the Sabbatical year, one is allowed to bath in it. But if he is an important person [whose actions will be influential], he may not bathe [in it].

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