Sheviit 7

Chapter 7

א כְּלָל גָּדוֹל אָמְרוּ בַּשְּׁבִיעִית, כָּל שֶׁהוּא מַאֲכַל אָדָם וּמַאֲכַל בְּהֵמָה, וּמִמִּין הַצּוֹבְעִים, וְאֵינוֹ מִתְקַיֵּם בָּאָרֶץ, יֶשׁ לוֹ שְׁבִיעִית וּלְדָמָיו שְׁבִיעִית, יֶשׁ לוֹ בִּעוּר וּלְדָמָיו בִּעוּר. וְאֵיזֶה זֶה, עֲלֵה הַלּוּף הַשּׁוֹטֶה, וַעֲלֵה הַדַּנְדַּנָּה, הָעֻלְשִׁין, וְהַכְּרֵשִׁין, וְהָרְגִילָה, וְנֵץ הֶחָלָב. וּמַאֲכַל בְּהֵמָה, הַחוֹחִים וְהַדַּרְדָּרִים. וּמִמִּין הַצּוֹבְעִים, סְפִיחֵי אִסְטִיס, וְקוֹצָה. יֶשׁ לָהֶם שְׁבִיעִית וְלִדְמֵיהֶן שְׁבִיעִית, יֶשׁ לָהֶם בִּעוּר וְלִדְמֵיהֶן בִּעוּר:
1 An important rule that they [the Sages] said regarding the Sabbatical year: anything that is human food or animal food or from a species [of plant] used for dying if it does not last [if left] in the field, [the laws of] the Sabbatical year apply to it and [the laws of] the Sabbatical year apply to its money [exchanged for it], [the laws of] <i>Bi'ur</i> [requirement to destroy Sabbatical produce when it is no longer readily available] apply to it and [the laws of] <i>Bi'ur</i> apply to its money. And what [is considered human food]? The leaf of <i>Scolopendrium Hemionitis</i> and the leaf of <i>Ceterach</i> and endive and leeks and purslane and <i>Netz HeChalav</i> [unknown plant]. And [what is considered] animal food? Thorns and thistles. And [what is considered] a species [of plant] used for dying? Woad [used to make blue dye] and madder [used to make red dye]. [The laws of] the Sabbatical year apply to them and [the laws of] the Sabbatical year apply to their money, [the laws of] <i>Bi'ur</i> apply to them and [the laws of <i>Bi'ur</i> apply to their money.
ב וְעוֹד כְּלָל אַחֵר אָמְרוּ, כָּל שֶׁאֵינוֹ מַאֲכַל אָדָם וּמַאֲכַל בְּהֵמָה, וּמִמִּין הַצּוֹבְעִין, וּמִתְקַיֵּם בָּאָרֶץ, יֶשׁ לוֹ שְׁבִיעִית וּלְדָמָיו שְׁבִיעִית, אֵין לוֹ בִּעוּר וְאֵין לְדָמָיו בִּעוּר. אֵי זֶהוּ, עִקַּר הַלּוּף הַשּׁוֹטֶה, וְעִקַּר הַדַּנְדַּנָּה, וְהָעַרְקַבְנִין, וְהַחַלְבְּצִין, וְהַבֻּכְרִיָּה. וּמִמִּין הַצּוֹבְעִין, הַפּוּאָה וְהָרִכְפָּא, יֵשׁ לָהֶם שְׁבִיעִית וְלִדְמֵיהֶן שְׁבִיעִית, אֵין לָהֶם בִּעוּר וְלֹא לִדְמֵיהֶן בִּעוּר. רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר, דְּמֵיהֶם מִתְבַּעֲרִין עַד רֹאשׁ הַשָּׁנָה. אָמְרוּ לוֹ, לָהֶן אֵין בִּעוּר, קַל וָחֹמֶר לִדְמֵיהֶן:
2 And another rule that they said: anything that is not human food or animal food or from a species [of plant] used for dying, or that lasts [if left] in the field, [the laws of] the Sabbatical year apply to it and [the laws of] the Sabbatical year apply to its money [exchanged for it], but [the laws of] <i>Bi'ur</i> do not apply to it and [the laws of] <i>Bi'ur</i> do not apply to its money. And what is it [i.e., human or animal food that lasts if left in the field]? The leaf of <i>Scolopendrium Hemionitis</i> and the root of <i>Ceterach</i> and <i>Scolopendrium</i> and the root of <i>Netz HeChalav</i> and the <i>Bukhriyah</i> [unknown plant]. And [what is considered] a species [of plant] used for dying? <i>Rubia Tinctorum</i> and <i>Reseda</i>. [The laws of] the Sabbatical year apply to them and [the laws of] the Sabbatical year apply to their money, but [the laws of] <i>Bi'ur</i> do not apply to them and [the laws of] <i>Bi'ur</i> do not apply to their money. Rabbi Meir says: Their money may be subject to <i>Bi'ur</i> until <i>Rosh HaShana</i> [New Year's festival]. They [the Sages] replied to him: [If the laws of] <i>Bi'ur</i> don't apply to them, all the more so [do the laws not apply] to their money!
ג קְלִפֵּי רִמּוֹן וְהַנֵּץ שֶׁלּוֹ, קְלִפֵּי אֱגוֹזִים וְהַגַּלְעִינִין, יֵשׁ לָהֶם שְׁבִיעִית וְלִדְמֵיהֶן שְׁבִיעִית. הַצַּבָּע, צוֹבֵעַ לְעַצְמוֹ, וְלֹא יִצְבַּע בְּשָׂכָר, שֶׁאֵין עוֹשִׂין סְחוֹרָה בְּפֵרוֹת שְׁבִיעִית, וְלֹא בִבְכוֹרוֹת, וְלֹא בִתְרוּמוֹת, וְלֹא בִנְבֵלוֹת, וְלֹא בִטְרֵפוֹת, וְלֹא בִשְׁקָצִים, וְלֹא בִרְמָשִׂים. וְלֹא יִהְיֶה לוֹקֵחַ יַרְקוֹת שָׂדֶה וּמוֹכֵר בַּשּׁוּק, אֲבָל הוּא לוֹקֵט וּבְנוֹ מוֹכֵר עַל יָדוֹ. לָקַח לְעַצְמוֹ וְהוֹתִיר, מֻתָּר לְמָכְרָן:
3 The skins of pomegranates and their blossoms, the husks of nuts and the [fruit] pits, [the laws of] the Sabbatical year apply to them and [the laws of] the Sabbatical year apply to their money [exchanged for them]. The dyer may dye for himself, but may not dye for payment, since one may not do business with the fruits of the Sabbatical year, and not with firstborn animals, and not with <i>Terumah</i> [produce consecrated for priestly consumption], and not with <i>Neveilot</i> [improperly slaughtered animals of permitted species], and not with <i>Tereifot</i> [animals with a mortal condition such that they would die within one year], and not with <i>Shekatzim U'Remasim</i> [creeping creatures]. And he may not take the produce of the field and sell it in the market, but he may collect it and his son may sell it for him. If he took for himself and had left over, he may sell them.
ד לָקַח בְּכוֹר לְמִשְׁתֵּה בְנוֹ אוֹ לָרֶגֶל וְלֹא צָרִיךְ לוֹ, מֻתָּר לְמָכְרוֹ. צָדֵי חַיָּה עוֹפוֹת וְדָגִים שֶׁנִּזְדַּמְּנוּ לָהֶם מִינִים טְמֵאִין, מֻתָּרִים לְמָכְרָן. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, אַף מִי שֶׁנִּתְמַנָּה לוֹ לְפִי דַרְכּוֹ, לוֹקֵחַ וּמוֹכֵר, וּבִלְבַד שֶׁלֹּא תְהֵא אֻמָּנוּתוֹ בְכָךְ. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹסְרִין:
4 [If one] bought a [blemished] firstborn animal for his son's [wedding] feast or for a pilgrimage festival but didn't need it, he is allowed to sell it. Trappers of wild animals, birds or fish that happen [to trap] impure species [of animals] are allowed to sell them. Rabbi Yehudah says: Even someone who came across [an impure species] may take and sell it as long as this is not his [primary] business. But the Sages forbade [this].
ה לוּלְבֵי זְרָדִים וְהֶחָרוּבִין, יֵשׁ לָהֶם שְׁבִיעִית וְלִדְמֵיהֶן שְׁבִיעִית, יֵשׁ לָהֶן בִּעוּר וְלִדְמֵיהֶן בִּעוּר. לוּלְבֵי הָאֵלָה וְהַבָּטְנָה וְהָאֲטָדִין, יֵשׁ לָהֶם שְׁבִיעִית, וְלִדְמֵיהֶן שְׁבִיעִית, אֵין לָהֶם בִּעוּר וְלֹא לִדְמֵיהֶן בִּעוּר. אֲבָל לֶעָלִין יֵשׁ בִּעוּר, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁנּוֹשְׁרִין מֵאֲבִיהֶן:
5 Shoots of hawthorn and carobs, [the laws of] the Sabbatical year apply to them and [the laws of] the Sabbatical year apply to their money [exchanged for them], [the laws of] <i>Bi'ur</i> apply to them and [the laws of] <i>Bi'ur</i> apply to their money [exchanged for them]. Shoots of the terebinth tree or of the pistachio tree, or thorn bushes, [the laws of] the Sabbatical year apply to them and [the laws of] the Sabbatical apply to their money, but [the laws of] <i>Bi'ur</i> do not apply to them and [the laws of] <i>Bi'ur</i> do not apply to their money. But to the leaves [of these trees], [the laws of] <i>Bi'ur</i> apply, since they fall from their parents.
ו הַוֶּרֶד וְהַכֹּפֶר וְהַקְּטָף וְהַלֹּטֶם, יֵשׁ לָהֶם שְׁבִיעִית וְלִדְמֵיהֶן שְׁבִיעִית. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, אֵין לַקְּטָף שְׁבִיעִית, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁאֵינוֹ פֶרִי:
6 The rose and the cypress flower [henna] and balsam and <i>Cistus villosus</i>, [the laws of] the Sabbatical year apply to them and [the laws of] the Sabbatical year apply to their money [exchanged for them]. Rabbi Shimon says: The [laws of] the Sabbatical year do not apply to balsam, because it is not a fruit.
ז וֶרֶד חָדָשׁ שֶׁכְּבָשׁוֹ בְּשֶׁמֶן יָשָׁן, יְלַקֵּט אֶת הַוֶּרֶד. וְיָשָׁן בְּחָדָשׁ, חַיָּב בַּבִּעוּר. חָרוּבִין חֲדָשִׁים שֶׁכְּבָשָׁן בְּיַיִן יָשָׁן, וִישָׁנִים בְּחָדָשׁ, חַיָּבִין בַּבִּעוּר. זֶה הַכְּלָל, כָּל שֶׁהוּא בְנוֹתֵן טַעַם, חַיָּב לְבַעֵר, מִין בְּשֶׁאֵינוֹ מִינוֹ. וּמִין בְּמִינוֹ, כָּל שֶׁהוּא. שְׁבִיעִית אוֹסֶרֶת כָּל שֶׁהוּא בְּמִינָהּ, וְשֶׁלֹּא בְמִינָהּ, בְּנוֹתֵן טָעַם:
7 A new rose [i.e. grown during the Sabbatical year] that was pickled in old oil [i.e. grown before the Sabbatical year], one may take the rose [from the oil, and eat it]. But an old [rose] in new [oil] requires <i>Bi'ur</i>. New carobs that were pickled in oil wine or old [carobs] in new [wine], require <i>Bi'ur</i>. This is the rule: anything [from the Sabbatical year] that is [of an amount that] transfers taste [to another food] requires <i>Bi'ur</i> [if] it is a species in a different species. But a species in its own species, for any amount [it requires <i>Bi'ur</i>]. The Sabbatical prohibitions apply to any amount of a species in its own species, and [in a case of a species] not in its own species, [they only apply] when [the amount is enough to] transfer taste.