Sheviit 1

Chapter 1

אעַדAdאֵימָתַיEimatayחוֹרְשִׁיןKhoreshinבִּשְׂדֵהBisdehהָאִילָןHailanעֶרֶבErevשְׁבִיעִית.Sheviit.בֵּיתBeitשַׁמַּאיShammayאוֹמְרִים,Omerim,כָּלKolזְמַןZemanשֶׁהוּאShehuיָפֶהYafehלַפֶּרִי.Lapperi.וּבֵיתUveitהִלֵּלHilleilאוֹמְרִים,Omerim,עַדAdהָעֲצֶרֶת.Haatseret.וּקְרוֹבִיןUkerovinדִּבְרֵיDivreiאֵלּוּEilluלִהְיוֹתLihyotכְּדִבְרֵיKedivreiאֵלּוּ:Eillu:

1Until when is plowing done in a field with trees in the pre-Sabbatical year? According to Beit Shammai, as long as the plowing contributes to the growth of the fruit. According to Beit Hillel, until Shavuot [festival at the end of the wheat harvest]. These two measures are almost identical.

באֵיזֶהוּEizehuשְׂדֵהSedehהָאִילָן,Hailan,כָּלKolשְׁלֹשָׁהSheloshaאִילָנוֹתIlanotלְבֵיתLeveitסְאָה,Sea,אִםImרְאוּיִיןReuyinלַעֲשׂוֹתLaasotכִּכַּרKikkarדְּבֵלָהDeveilaשֶׁלShelשִׁשִּׁיםShishshimמָנֶהManehבָּאִיטַלְקִי,Baitalki,חוֹרְשִׁיםKhoreshimכָּלKolבֵּיתBeitסְאָהSeaבִּשְׁבִילָן.Bishvilan.פָּחוֹתPakhotמִכָּאן,Mikkan,אֵיןEinחוֹרְשִׁיןKhoreshinלָהֶןLahenאֶלָּאEllaמְלֹאMeloהָאוֹרֶהHaorehוְסַלּוֹVesalloחוּצָהKhutsaלוֹ:Lo:

2What is considered an orchard? Any [field which has at least] three trees per Beit Se'ah [area of land large enough to be planted with a Se'ah of grain]. If they are able to produce a block of pressed figs of sixty Italian Maneh [specific unit of weight], one can plow the whole Beit Se'ah on their account. Less than this, one can only plow for them an area [that would be needed to be] filled by the gatherer with his basket at his side.

גאֶחָדEkhadאִילַןIlanסְרָקSerakוְאֶחָדVeekhadאִילַןIlanמַאֲכָל,Maakhal,רוֹאִיןRoinאוֹתָןOtanכְּאִלּוּKeilluהֵםHeimתְּאֵנִים.Teeinim.אִםImרְאוּיִםReuyimלַעֲשׂוֹתLaasotכִּכַּרKikkarדְּבֵלָהDeveilaשֶׁלShelשִׁשִּׁיםShishshimמָנֶהManehבָּאִיטַלְקִי,Baitalki,חוֹרְשִׁיםKhoreshimכָּלKolבֵּיתBeitסְאָהSeaבִּשְׁבִילָן.Bishvilan.פָּחוֹתPakhotמִכָּאן,Mikkan,אֵיןEinחוֹרְשִׁיםKhoreshimלָהֶםLahemאֶלָּאEllaלְצָרְכָּן:Letsorkan:

3Both a non-fruit tree and a fruit tree are considered [as though they were] fig trees. If they are able to produce a block of pressed figs of sixty Italian Maneh, one can plow the whole Beit Se'ah due to their presence. Less than this, one can only plow [what the trees] need.

דהָיָהHayaאֶחָדEkhadעוֹשֶׂהOsehכִּכַּרKikkarדְּבֵלָהDeveilaוּשְׁנַיִםUshenayimאֵיןEinעוֹשִׂין,Osin,אוֹOשְׁנַיִםShenayimעוֹשִׂיןOsinוְאֶחָדVeekhadאֵינוֹEinoעוֹשֶׂה,Oseh,אֵיןEinחוֹרְשִׁיןKhoreshinלָהֶםLahemאֶלָּאEllaלְצָרְכָּן,Letsorkan,עַדAdשֶׁיִּהְיוּSheyyihyuמִשְּׁלֹשָׁהMishsheloshaוְעַדVeadתִּשְׁעָה.Tisha.הָיוּHayuעֲשָׂרָה,Asara,מֵעֲשָׂרָהMeiasaraוּלְמַעְלָה,Ulemala,בֵּיןBeinעוֹשִׂיןOsinבֵּיןBeinשֶׁאֵינָןSheeinanעוֹשִׂין,Osin,חוֹרְשִׁיןKhoreshinכָּלKolבֵּיתBeitסְאָהSeaבִּשְׁבִילָן.Bishvilan.שֶׁנֶּאֱמַרShenneemar(שמות(shmvtלד)Ld)בֶּחָרִישׁBekharishוּבַקָּצִירUvakkatsirתִּשְׁבֹּת,Tishbot,אֵיןEinצָרִיךְTsarikhלוֹמַרLomarחָרִישׁKharishוְקָצִירVekatsirשֶׁלShelשְׁבִיעִית,Sheviit,אֶלָּאEllaחָרִישׁKharishשֶׁלShelעֶרֶבErevשְׁבִיעִיתSheviitשֶׁהוּאShehuנִכְנָסNikhnasבַּשְּׁבִיעִית,Bashsheviit,וְקָצִירVekatsirשֶׁלShelשְׁבִיעִיתSheviitשֶׁהוּאShehuיוֹצֵאYotseiלְמוֹצָאֵיLemotsaeiשְׁבִיעִית.Sheviit.רַבִּיRabbiיִשְׁמָעֵאלYishmaeilאוֹמֵר,Omeir,מָהMaחָרִישׁKharishרְשׁוּת,Reshut,אַףAfקָצִירKatsirרְשׁוּת,Reshut,יָצָאYatsaקְצִירKetsirהָעֹמֶר:Haomer:

4If one [tree] makes a block of pressed figs and two do not, or two make and one does not, one cannot plow for them except for their needs, as long as there are between three and nine [trees]. If there are at least ten, from ten and up, [regardless of] whether they produce or do not produce, the entire Beit Se'ah can be plowed because of their presence. As it says (Exodus 34:12), "From the plowing and the reaping you shall rest"; [this verse] is not needed to discuss the plowing and reaping of the Sabbatical year, rather the plowing of the pre-Sabbatical year that enters the Sabbatical year, and the reaping of the post-Sabbatical year that leaves the Sabbatical year. Rabbi Yishmael says, [this verse is needed to say that] just as [the prohibition extends only to] optional plowing, so too to optional reaping, excluding reaping the Omer [barley offering].

השְׁלֹשָׁהSheloshaאִילָנוֹתIlanotשֶׁלShelשְׁלֹשָׁהSheloshaאֲנָשִׁים,Anashim,הֲרֵיHareiאֵלּוּEilluמִצְטָרְפִין,Mitstarefin,וְחוֹרְשִׁיןVekhoreshinכָּלKolבֵּיתBeitסְאָהSeaבִּשְׁבִילָן.Bishvilan.וְכַמָּהVekhammaיְהֵאYeheiבֵינֵיהֶם,Veineihem,רַבָּןRabbanגַּמְלִיאֵלGamlieilאוֹמֵר,Omeir,כְּדֵיKedeiשֶׁיְּהֵאSheyyeheiהַבָּקָרHabbakarעוֹבֵרOveirבְּכֵלָיו:Bekheilav:

5If three trees belong to three different people, they combine and the whole Beit Se'ah can be plowed for them. And how much [distance] needs to be between them? Rabban Gamliel says, [enough distance] that a [pair of] oxen can pass [between them] with a plow.

ועֶשֶׂרEserנְטִיעוֹתNetiotמְפֻזָּרוֹתMefuzzarotבְּתוֹךְBetokhבֵּיתBeitסְאָה,Sea,חוֹרְשִׁיןKhoreshinכָּלKolבֵּיתBeitסְאָהSeaבִּשְׁבִילָן,Bishvilan,עַדAdרֹאשׁRoshהַשָּׁנָה.Hashshana.הָיוּHayuעֲשׂוּיוֹתAsuyotשׁוּרָהShuraוּמֻקָּפוֹתUmukkafotעֲטָרָה,Atara,אֵיןEinחוֹרְשִׁיןKhoreshinלָהֶםLahemאֶלָּאEllaלְצָרְכָּן:Letsorkan:

6Where ten saplings are scattered in a Beit Se'ah, one may plow the whole Beit Se'ah on their account up until Rosh HaShanah [New Year's festival]. If they are arranged into a row or surrounded by a border, then one may only plow on their account what is necessary for them.

זהַנְּטִיעוֹתHannetiotוְהַדְּלוּעִים,Vehaddeluim,מִצְטָרְפִיןMitstarefinלְתוֹךְLetokhבֵּיתBeitסְאָה.Sea.רַבָּןRabbanשִׁמְעוֹןShimonבֶּןBenגַּמְלִיאֵלGamlieilאוֹמֵר,Omeir,כָּלKolעֲשָׂרָהAsaraדְלוּעִיםDeluimלְבֵיתLeveitסְאָה,Sea,חוֹרְשִׁיןKhoreshinכָּלKolבֵּיתBeitסְאָהSeaעַדAdרֹאשׁRoshהַשָּׁנָה:Hashshana:

7Saplings and squash vines combine for calculating the [number of saplings in a] Beit Se'ah. Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel says, Whenever there are ten squash vines in a Beit Se'ah, one may plow the whole Beit Se'ah on their account until Rosh HaShanah.

חעַדAdאֵימָתַיEimatayנִקְרְאוּNikreuנְטִיעוֹת.Netiot.רַבִּיRabbiאֶלְעָזָרElazarבֶּןBenעֲזַרְיָהAzaryaאוֹמֵר,Omeir,עַדAdשֶׁיָּחֹלּוּ.Sheyyakhollu.רַבִּיRabbiיְהוֹשֻׁעַYehoshuaאוֹמֵר,Omeir,בַּתBatשֶׁבַעShevaשָׁנִים.Shanim.רַבִּיRabbiעֲקִיבָאAkivaאוֹמֵר,Omeir,נְטִיעָהNetiaכִשְׁמָהּ.Khishmah.אִילָןIlanשֶׁנִּגְמַםShennigmamוְהוֹצִיאVehotsiחֲלִיפִין,Khalifin,מִטֶּפַחMittefakhוּלְמַטָּהUlemattaכִּנְטִיעָה,Kintia,מִטֶּפַחMittefakhוּלְמַעְלָה,Ulemala,כְּאִילָן,Keilan,דִּבְרֵיDivreiרַבִּיRabbiשִׁמְעוֹן:Shimon:

8For how long are they called saplings? Rabbi Elazar ben Azariah says, until they become unconsecrated. Rabbi Yehoshua says, [until they are] seven years old. Rabbi Akiva says, a sapling is like its name. A tree that was cut down and has put out branches -- [if it was cut] lower than a handbreadth is like a sapling, and higher than a handbreadth is like a tree, [these are the] words of Rabbi Shimon.

Next Chapter