Shabbat 8

Chapter 8

א הַמּוֹצִיא יַיִן, כְּדֵי מְזִיגַת הַכּוֹס. חָלָב, כְּדֵי גְמִיעָה. דְּבַשׁ, כְּדֵי לִתֵּן עַל הַכָּתִית. שֶׁמֶן, כְּדֵי לָסוּךְ אֵבֶר קָטָן. מַיִם, כְּדֵי לָשׁוּף בָּהֶם אֶת הַקִּילוֹר. וּשְׁאָר כָּל הַמַּשְׁקִין, בִּרְבִיעִית. וְכָל הַשּׁוֹפָכִין, בִּרְבִיעִית. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, כֻּלָּן בִּרְבִיעִית, וְלֹא אָמְרוּ כָל הַשִּׁעוּרִין הַלָּלוּ אֶלָּא לְמַצְנִיעֵיהֶן:

1 If one takes out wine, (the quantity for liability is) what suffices for pouring the cup [of grace, which is a quarter of a revi'ith of raw wine, so that if diluted with three measures of water to one of wine, it stands at a quarter of a log, which is the quantity for the cup of blessing.]; milk, what suffices for quaffing [i.e., what he swallows at one time. And the quantity for the milk of an unclean beast, which is not fit for drinking, is that which suffices for the painting of one eye.]; honey, what suffices for placing upon a kathith [a sore on a horse or an ass produced by carrying burdens. I have found it written that the tip of an inflamed skin sore is called "pi kathith." And even though honey is used primarily for eating, since it is handy for healing purposes and its quantity is minimal, we follow the stringent quantity (vis-à-vis the ruling on carrying)]; oil, what suffices for the anointing of a small limb [of a one-day-old infant, i.e., the small toe]; water, what suffices for the application of collyrium [an eye salve]; and all other liquids, [which are not used for healing purposes], a revi'ith; and all waste-water, [which can be used for kneading clay], a revi'ith. R. Shimon says: All of them, [even wine, milk, and honey], a revi'ith; for all of these quantities [in the Mishnah] were stated only in respect to those who secrete them, [but all others are liable only for a revi'ith. R. Shimon holds that a quantity must be stated for the "secreter" himself, and that he is not liable for less than that quantity. For R. Shimon does not hold that with (7:3), "anything which does not merit being secreted, and the like of which is not secreted," the secreter is liable for any amount. The halachah is not in accordance with R. Shimon.]

ב הַמּוֹצִיא חֶבֶל, כְּדֵי לַעֲשׂוֹת אֹזֶן לְקֻפָּה. גֶּמִי, כְּדֵי לַעֲשׂוֹת תְּלַאי לְנָפָה וְלִכְבָרָה. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, כְּדֵי לִטֹּל מִמֶּנּוּ מִדַּת מִנְעָל לְקָטָן. נְיָר, כְּדֵי לִכְתֹּב עָלָיו קֶשֶׁר מוֹכְסִין. וְהַמּוֹצִיא קֶשֶׁר מוֹכְסִין, חַיָּב. נְיָר מָחוּק, כְּדֵי לִכְרֹךְ עַל פִּי צְלוֹחִית קְטַנָּה שֶׁל פַּלְיָטוֹן:

2 If one takes out a rope, (the quantity for liability is) what suffices to make an "ear" for a basket [to hold it by]; reed-rope, what suffices to make a loop for a sifter or a sieve [to hand it by (less than the quantity of an "ear" for a basket)]. R. Yehudah says: What suffices to take the measure for a child's shoe; paper [made of grass], what suffices for the writing of the publican's receipt. [Sometimes, one pays the taxes on one side of a river, and the publican gives him a receipt to show the publican on the other side, indicating that the tax has already been paid. He draws two large letters, larger than ours, as a sign.] And one who takes out a publican's receipt is liable. Erased paper [It can no longer be written on. Therefore, it requires a larger amount, viz.], what suffices to stop up the mouth of a small flask of foliatum.

ג עוֹר, כְּדֵי לַעֲשׂוֹת קָמֵעַ. קְלָף, כְּדֵי לִכְתֹּב עָלָיו פָּרָשָׁה קְטַנָּה שֶׁבַּתְּפִלִּין, שֶׁהִיא שְׁמַע יִשְׂרָאֵל. דְּיוֹ, כְּדֵי לִכְתֹּב שְׁתֵּי אוֹתִיּוֹת. כְּחֹל, כְּדֵי לִכְחֹל עַיִן אֶחָת:

3 Skin, what suffices for the making [i.e., the covering] of an amulet; parchment, what suffices for a small section in the tefillin, viz.: "Hear, O Israel, etc." [For since it is expensive, it is not used for a publican's receipt, but for tefillin or mezuzoth, and he is not liable for a smaller size.]; ink, what suffices for the writing of two letters [to mark two parts of a vessel or two boards, in order to join them]; kohl, what suffices for the painting of one eye. [Those modest women who go veiled, expose only one eye, which they paint.]

ד דֶּבֶק, כְּדֵי לִתֵּן בְּרֹאשׁ הַשַּׁבְשֶׁבֶת. זֶפֶת וְגָפְרִית, כְּדֵי לַעֲשׂוֹת נֶקֶב. שַׁעֲוָה, כְּדֵי לִתֵּן עַל פִּי נֶקֶב קָטָן. חַרְסִית, כְּדֵי לַעֲשׂוֹת פִּי כוּר שֶׁל צוֹרְפֵי זָהָב. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, כְּדֵי לַעֲשׂוֹת פִּטְפּוּט. סֻבִּין, כְּדֵי לִתֵּן עַל פִּי כוּר שֶׁל צוֹרְפֵי זָהָב. סִיד, כְּדֵי לָסוּד קְטַנָּה שֶׁבַּבָּנוֹת. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, כְּדֵי לַעֲשׂוֹת כִּלְכּוּל. רַבִּי נְחֶמְיָה אוֹמֵר, כְּדֵי לַעֲשׂוֹת אַנְדִּיפֵי:

4 Paste, what suffices for placing at the top of the shavsheveth. [The trappers would place a small board smeared with paste at the top of the pole to snare birds roosting upon it. A good deal of paste was required for this.]; pitch and sulphur, what suffices to make a nekev [a vessel in which mercury is placed. Its mouth is closed with pitch or sulphur, and a small hole (nekev) is made in the closing for the extraction of the mercury.]; clay-ground, what suffices for the mouth of the gold refiners' smelting pot, [into which the bellows is inserted]. R. Yehudah says: What suffices for a pitput [a foot for the base on which the smelting pot is placed,]; bran-flour, what suffices for placing upon the mouth of the gold refiners' smelting pot. [In a place where there is no charcoal, bran-flour is used as fuel for smelting the gold. Another interpretation: It was the practice to place bran-flour on the mouth of the pot when the gold was poured.]; lime, what suffices for applying to "the lesser of the daughters." [Girls who have reached the age of puberty, but who have not yet menstruated — the daughters of the poor are smeared with lime, which hastens menstruation (and which also acts as a depilatory); the daughters of the rich are smeared with meal; and the daughters of kings with oil of olives which have not yet reached one-third of their growth.] R. Yehudah says: What suffices to make kilkul [placing lime upon the temples ("tzedain") to keep the hair down.] R. Nechemiah says: What suffices to make andifi [a little beneath the temples ("bath tzeda'ah"). The halachah is neither in accordance with R. Yehudah nor with R. Nechemiah.]

ה אֲדָמָה, כְּחוֹתַם הַמַּרְצוּפִים, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, כְּחוֹתַם הָאִגְּרוֹת. זֶבֶל וְחֹל הַדַּק, כְּדֵי לְזַבֵּל קֶלַח שֶׁל כְּרוּב, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, כְּדֵי לְזַבֵּל כְּרֵשָׁא. חֹל הַגַּס, כְּדֵי לִתֵּן עַל מְלֹא כַף סִיד. קָנֶה, כְּדֵי לַעֲשׂוֹת קֻלְמוֹס. וְאִם הָיָה עָב אוֹ מְרֻסָּס, כְּדֵי לְבַשֵּׁל בוֹ בֵיצָה קַלָּה שֶׁבַּבֵּיצִים, טְרוּפָה וּנְתוּנָה בָאִלְפָּס:

5 Adamah [red clay], what suffices for the seal of martzofin [large sacks used for lading in vessels, which are sealed as letters are.] These are the words of R. Akiva. The sages say: What suffices for the seal of letters. [The amount of the rabbis is less than that of R. Akiva. The halachah is in accordance with the sages.] Dung and thin sand, what suffices to fertilize a cabbage stalk. These are the words of R. Akiva. The sages say: What suffices to fertilize leek. [This amount is less than that of a cabbage stalk. The halachah is in accordance with the sages.] Thick sand, what suffices for filling a plasterer's trowel; a reed, what suffices for the making of a pen, [which reaches the mid-joints of one's fingers.]; or, if it were thick, [i.e., not fit for writing], or fragmented, what suffices for the cooking of [a fig's size of] "the easiest of eggs" [a hen's egg, so called because it is more easily cooked than all other eggs], mixed with oil and placed in a pot [already heated, so that it cooks quickly.]

ו עֶצֶם, כְּדֵי לַעֲשׂוֹת תַּרְוָד. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, כְּדֵי לַעֲשׂוֹת מִמֶּנּוּ חָף. זְכוּכִית, כְּדֵי לִגְרֹר בּוֹ רֹאשׁ הַכַּרְכָּר. צְרוֹר אוֹ אֶבֶן, כְּדֵי לִזְרֹק בְּעוֹף. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר בַּר יַעֲקֹב אוֹמֵר, כְּדֵי לִזְרֹק בִּבְהֵמָה:

6 A bone, what suffices to make a spoon. R. Yehudah says: What suffices to make a chaf [the tooth of a key by which a door is opened. The halachah is not in accordance with R. Yehudah.] Glass, what suffices for scraping the head of the spindle staff, [which is passed over the warp when it is stretched taut and the strands pressed close thereby]; a pebble or a stone, what suffices to fling at a bird. R. Eliezer b. Yaakov says: What suffices to fling at a beast. [For one does not exert himself to take a pebble to fling at a bird to shoo it away, shouting alone being sufficient.]

ז חֶרֶס, כְּדֵי לִתֵּן בֵּין פַּצִּים לַחֲבֵרוֹ, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי יְהוּדָה. רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר, כְּדֵי לַחְתּוֹת בּוֹ אֶת הָאוּר. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, כְּדֵי לְקַבֵּל בּוֹ רְבִיעִית. אָמַר רַבִּי מֵאִיר, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵין רְאָיָה לַדָּבָר, זֵכֶר לַדָּבָר (ישעיה ל), וְלֹא יִמָּצֵא בִמְכִתָּתוֹ חֶרֶשׂ לַחְתּוֹת אֵשׁ מִיָּקוּד. אָמַר לוֹ רַבִּי יוֹסֵי, מִשָּׁם רְאָיָה, וְלַחְשֹׂף מַיִם מִגֶּבֶא (שם):

7 A shard, what suffices for placing between one board and the next. [When boards, pillars, or beams are arranged on the ground in rows, and there is space between one and the other, it (the shard) is placed underneath so that it not bend.] R. Meir says: What suffices to rake coals with. R. Yossi says: What suffices for receiving a revi'ith (of water). R. Meir said: Even though there is no proof for this, there is an allusion to it [to a shard's significance as a coal-raker], viz. (Isaiah 30:14): "And there will not be found among its fragments a shard with which to rake fire from a hearth." R. Yossi said to him: Does that prove anything? The verse continues: "and with which to draw water from a geve!" [A geve is a small hole in which water collects — whence we see that a shard is also of significance as a water-receiver. The halachah is in accordance with R. Yossi.]

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