Shabbat 4

Chapter 4

אבַּמֶּהBammehטוֹמְנִיןTomeninוּבַמָּהUvammaאֵיןEinטוֹמְנִין.Tomenin.אֵיןEinטוֹמְנִיןTomeninלֹאLoבְגֶפֶתVegefetוְלֹאVeloבְזֶבֶל,Vezevel,לֹאLoבְמֶלַחVemelakhוְלֹאVeloבְסִידVesidוְלֹאVeloבְחֹל,Vekhol,בֵּיןBeinלַחִיםLakhimבֵּיןBeinיְבֵשִׁים.Yeveishim.לֹאLoבְתֶבֶןVetevenוְלֹאVeloבְזָגִיםVezagimוְלֹאVeloבְמוֹכִיםVemokhimוְלֹאVeloבַעֲשָׂבִיםVaasavimבִּזְמַןBizmanשֶׁהֵןSheheinלַחִים,Lakhim,אֲבָלAvalטוֹמְנִיןTomeninבָּהֶןBahenכְּשֶׁהֵןKesheheinיְבֵשִׁין.Yeveishin.טוֹמְנִיןTomeninבִּכְסוּתBikhsutוּבְפֵרוֹת,Uvefeirot,בְּכַנְפֵיBekhanfeiיוֹנָהYonaוּבִנְסֹרֶתUvinsoretשֶׁלShelחָרָשִׁיםKharashimוּבִנְעֹרֶתUvinoretשֶׁלShelפִּשְׁתָּןPishtanדַּקָּה.Dakka.רַבִּיRabbiיְהוּדָהYehudaאוֹסֵרOseirבְּדַקָּהBedakkaוּמַתִּירUmattirבְּגַסָּה:Begassa:

1 In what may (foods) be stored, and in what may they not be stored? [If one wishes to remove a pot from the stove on Sabbath eve and store it elsewhere (And the sages have said: We may not store in something that adds heat, but only in something that preserves heat) — what is it that adds heat and is forbidden?] They may not be stored in gefeth [the residue of olives and sesame. When gathered together, it is very hot], or in dung, or in salt, or in lime, or in sand, whether wet (which generates more heat) or dry. (And they may not be stored) in straw, or in the husk of grapes, or in mochim [Every soft thing is called "mochim," e.g., cotton wool, the plucked soft wool of an animal, the tow of worn-out garments], or in grasses, when they are wet [This refers to all of them: straw, husks, mochim, and grasses. "Wet" here means wet in and of themselves, not through liquids fallen upon them after they have dried. "Mochim," wet in and of itself, obtains with wool near the tail or with wool between the animal's thighs]; but it is permitted to store in them when they are dry. It is permitted to store in garments, in fruits, in the wings of a dove, in the saw-shavings of carpenters, and in the thin chaff of (beaten) flax. R. Yehudah forbids it with thin [chaff], but permits it with thick. [But with shavings he concurs that it is permitted both with thin and with thick. The halachah is not in accordance with R. Yehudah. The reason they forbade storing while it was still day in something that adds heat — a decree, lest he store it in hot ashes and come to stir the coals after dark. And they forbade storing on the Sabbath (even) in something that does not add heat, even though it does not cook — a decree, lest he find his pot to have cooled, and he boil it on a fire on the Sabbath. And ben hashmashoth it is permitted to store in a thing that does not add heat, (Shabbath 34a), there being no need to decree lest he finds his pot to have cooled, and he boil it; for pots, in general, are boiling ben hashmashoth. And Rambam explains "pots, in general, are boiling ben hashmashoth" in a manner inconsistent with reason because of mistaken formulations and opposing versions in the gemara before him, where he read: "Why did they say that it is forbidden to store in a thing that does not add heat after dark? — a decree, lest he store it in hot ashes. And why did they say that it is forbidden to store in a thing that adds heat while it is still day? — a decree lest he come to boil it." It is not to be read thus, but: "Why did they say that it is forbidden to store in a thing that does not add heat after dark? — a decree lest he come to boil it. And it is forbidden to store in a thing that adds heat while it is still day — a decree, lest he store it in hot ashes."]

בטוֹמְנִיןTomeninבִּשְׁלָחִין,Bishlakhin,וּמְטַלְטְלִיןUmetaltelinאוֹתָן,Otan,בְּגִזֵּיBegizzeiצֶמֶר,Tsemer,וְאֵיןVeeinמְטַלְטְלִיןMetaltelinאוֹתָן.Otan.כֵּיצַדKeitsadהוּאHuעוֹשֶׂה,Oseh,נוֹטֵלNoteilאֶתEtהַכִּסּוּיHakkissuyוְהֵןVeheinנוֹפְלוֹת.Nofelot.רַבִּיRabbiאֶלְעָזָרElazarבֶּןBenעֲזַרְיָהAzaryaאוֹמֵר,Omeir,קֻפָּה,Kuppa,מַטָּהּMattahעַלAlצִדָּהּTsiddahוְנוֹטֵל,Venoteil,שֶׁמָּאShemmaיִטֹּלYittolוְאֵינוֹVeeinoיָכֹלYakholלְהַחֲזִיר.Lehakhazir.וַחֲכָמִיםVakhakhamimאוֹמְרִים,Omerim,נוֹטֵלNoteilוּמַחֲזִיר.Umakhazir.לֹאLoכִסָּהוּKhissahuמִבְּעוֹדMibbeodיוֹם,Yom,לֹאLoיְכַסֶּנּוּYekhassennuמִשֶּׁתֶּחְשָׁךְ.Mishshettekhshakh.כִּסָּהוּKissahuוְנִתְגַּלָּה,Venitgalla,מֻתָּרMuttarלְכַסּוֹתוֹ.Lekhassoto.מְמַלֵּאMemalleiאֶתEtהַקִּיתוֹןHakkitonוְנוֹתֵןVenoteinלְתַחַתLetakhatהַכַּר,Hakkar,אוֹOתַחַתTakhatהַכָּסֶת:Hakkaset:

2 It is permitted to store in sh'lachin [hides. The targum of (Leviticus 1:6): "And he shall flay" is "Veyashlach."], and they may be moved (on the Sabbath), [whether or not he stored in them, because they can be reclined upon.] (It is permitted to store) in shearings of wool, and it is forbidden to move them, [for they are set aside for spinning and weaving. And even though he stored in them for the time being, he did not renounce them (for spinning and weaving) entirely, not having designated them specifically for storing; but if he did, he may move them.] What can he [the one who stored his pot] do? [How can he take it out if it is forbidden to move them (the shearings), it being entirely covered by them?] He takes off the cover [of the pot, which has the status of a vessel], and they fall off. [And even though they rest upon it, this does not concern us, it not being regarded as a basis for them, its function being to cover the pot.] R. Eliezer b. Azaryah says: He turns the box on its side and takes, lest he take it out and not be able to return it. [When he comes to take (food from the pot), he turns the box (containing the pot) on its side, lest he take the pot, and the shearings on either side fall into the hole (in which the pot is stored), so that if he wishes to return it there, he will not be permitted to move the shearings on either side to fit it back into the hole.] The sages say: He takes it and he returns it. [He takes the pot, and if the shearings on either side do not fall and the hole is not spoiled (for re-storing), he returns the pot to its place; and we do not forbid him to take the pot ab initio lest he spoil the hole. And the sages agree that if the hole were spoiled, he may not return it. The halachah is in accordance with the sages.] If he did not cover it while it was still day, he may not cover it when it gets dark. [For it is forbidden to store on the Sabbath, even in something which does not add heat.] If he covered it, and it became uncovered, he is permitted to re-cover it. One may fill up a kettle and place it [on the Sabbath] under a kar [that he places under his head, even though it is full of mochim or feathers, this not being the usual manner of "storing"], or under a keseth, [larger than a kar].

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