Shabbat 13

Chapter 13

א רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, הָאוֹרֵג שְׁלשָׁה חוּטִין בַּתְּחִלָּה וְאַחַת עַל הָאָרִיג, חַיָּב. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, בֵּין בַּתְּחִלָּה בֵּין בַּסּוֹף, שִׁעוּרוֹ שְׁנֵי חוּטִין:
1  R. Eliezer says: If one weaves three strands in the beginning, and one on what is woven, he is liable. [If this is the beginning of a garment, he is not liable until he weaves three strands. And if he adds to what is woven, the quantity is one, for it combines with the rest.] The sages say: Both in the beginning and in the end, the amount is two strands.
ב הָעוֹשֶׂה שְׁנֵי בָתֵּי נִירִין בַּנִּירִין, בַּקֵּרוֹס, בַּנָּפָה, בַּכְּבָרָה וּבַסַּל, חַיָּב. וְהַתּוֹפֵר שְׁתֵּי תְפִירוֹת, וְהַקּוֹרֵעַ עַל מְנָת לִתְפֹּר שְׁתֵּי תְפִירוֹת:
2  If one places two threads of the warp on the cross-beam on the nirin [The gemara explains that he affixes twice every strand of the warp on the cross-beam, and the third time, he affixes it to the strand on the shaft], or on a keiros [a sheet woven of palm bast], a sifter, a sieve, or a basket, he is liable. And one who sews two stitches, and one who tears in order to sew two stitches [is liable].
ג הַקּוֹרֵעַ בַּחֲמָתוֹ וְעַל מֵתוֹ, וְכָל הַמְקַלְקְלִין, פְּטוּרִין. וְהַמְקַלְקֵל עַל מְנָת לְתַקֵּן, שִׁעוּרוֹ כַמְתַקֵּן:
3  If one rends his garment in his wrath, or over his dead one (he is not liable). [It is only over a dead one that he is not obligated to rend over that he is mekalkel ("destroying"), and exempt; but for one he is obligated to rend over, he is metaken ("amending"), and liable.]; and all who are mekalkel are exempt. [This Mishnah is rejected, and the halachah is that one who rends in his wrath is liable. For even though he is mekalkel vis-à-vis the garment, he is metaken vis-à-vis his yetzer (his emotions) and he sets his mind at rest thereby.] and if one is mekalkel in order to be metaken, the amount (for liability) is the same as that for metaken.
ד שִׁעוּר הַמְלַבֵּן וְהַמְנַפֵּץ וְהַצּוֹבֵעַ וְהַטּוֹוֶה, כִּמְלֹא רֹחַב הַסִּיט כָּפוּל. וְהָאוֹרֵג שְׁנֵי חוּטִין, שִׁעוּרוֹ כִּמְלֹא הַסִּיט:
4  The size (for liability) for whitening [wool], beating, dyeing, and spinning, [which are all avoth melachoth] is [to spin from that wool a strand whose length is] double the full breadth of a sit. [A sit is the full-breadth distance between the middle finger and the index finger. And double this distance is "double a sit." And the distance between the thumb and the index finger is also double the breadth of a sit, for it is double the distance between the middle finger and the index finger.] If one weaves two strands, its size (for liability) [in the breadth of the garment] is a full sit. [For even if he did not weave them along the full breadth of the garment, he is liable.]
ה רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, הַצָּד צִפּוֹר לַמִּגְדָּל וּצְבִי לַבַּיִת, חַיָּב. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, צִפּוֹר לַמִּגְדָּל, וּצְבִי לַבַּיִת וְלֶחָצֵר וְלַבֵּיבָרִין. רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר, לֹא כָל הַבֵּיבָרִין שָׁוִין. זֶה הַכְּלָל, מְחֻסַּר צִידָה, פָּטוּר, וְשֶׁאֵינוֹ מְחֻסַּר צִידָה, חַיָּב:
5  R. Yehudah says: If one hunts a bird into a turret [of wood, he is liable, this being considered "being caught," but if he hunts it into a house, it is not considered caught thereby], and (if he hunts) a deer into a house, he is liable. [A deer is considered caught if it is gotten into a house and the door locked, but if it is gotten into a garden or a courtyard, it is not regarded as caught.] And the sages say: A bird into a turret, and a deer into a house, a courtyard, or a bivar [a walled enclosure for animals.] R. Shimon b. Gamliel says: Not every bivar is the same. This is the rule: If it lacks "being caught," [i.e., if it is difficult for him to catch it there, as when he cannot do so in one bend], he is exempt; and if it does not lack "being caught," he is liable. [The halachah is in accordance with R. Shimon b. Gamliel, who explains the ruling of the rabbis.]
ו צְבִי שֶׁנִּכְנַס לַבַּיִת וְנָעַל אֶחָד בְּפָנָיו, חַיָּב. נָעֲלוּ שְׁנַיִם, פְּטוּרִין. לֹא יָכֹל אֶחָד לִנְעֹל וְנָעֲלוּ שְׁנַיִם, חַיָּבִין. וְרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן פּוֹטֵר:
6  If a deer entered [of itself] into a house, and one locked (the door) on it, he is liable [it being considered caught thereby]. If two locked it, they are exempt, [this being considered "two who did one labor."] If one could not lock it (by himself), and two locked it, they are liable. [Since two are required to lock it, each one is performing a labor, for without him it could not be done.] R. Shimon exempts (them). [The halachah is not in accordance with R. Shimon.]
ז יָשַׁב הָאֶחָד עַל הַפֶּתַח וְלֹא מִלְּאָהוּ, יָשַׁב הַשֵּׁנִי וּמִלְּאָהוּ, הַשֵּׁנִי חַיָּב. יָשַׁב הָרִאשׁוֹן עַל הַפֶּתַח וּמִלְּאָהוּ, וּבָא הַשֵּׁנִי וְיָשַׁב בְּצִדּוֹ, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁעָמַד הָרִאשׁוֹן וְהָלַךְ לוֹ, הָרִאשׁוֹן חַיָּב וְהַשֵּׁנִי פָּטוּר. הָא לְמַה זֶּה דוֹמֶה, לְנוֹעֵל אֶת בֵּיתוֹ לְשָׁמְרוֹ וְנִמְצָא צְבִי שָׁמוּר בְּתוֹכוֹ:
7  If one sat in the doorway without filling it and the second sat down and filled it, the second is liable, [for it is he who trapped it.] If the first sat in the doorway and filled it, and the second came and sat down beside him, even if the first got up and went away, he is liable and the second is exempt. To what may this be compared, [(the deer's having been trapped by the first)]? To one's locking his house to guard it, (and not to trap), and a deer [which had already been caught] being found to be guarded within it. Here, too, even though the first arose, he (the second) is only like one guarding a deer that he had yesterday. "And the second is exempt" in our Mishnah is to be understood as exempt and permitted (ab initio).]
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