Peah 6

בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, הֶבְקֵר לָעֲנִיִּים, הֶבְקֵר. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, אֵינוֹ הֶפְקֵר, עַד שֶׁיֻּפְקַר אַף לָעֲשִׁירִים, כַּשְּׁמִטָּה. כָּל עָמְרֵי הַשָּׂדֶה שֶׁל קַב קַב וְאֶחָד שֶׁל אַרְבַּעַת קַבִּין וּשְׁכָחוֹ, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, אֵינוֹ שִׁכְחָה. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, שִׁכְחָה:

Beit Shammai says: Abandoning property only to the poor is abandonment; Beit Hillel says: It is not abandonment until it has also been abandoned to the rich, like in the Sabbatical year. If all sheaves of the field are of one <i>Kav</i> [halachic measurement], and one sheaf is four <i>Kav</i> and it was forgotten, Beit Shammai says: It is not [subject to] <i>Shikhechah</i> [individual sheaves, forgotten in the field, which must be left for the poor to collect]; Beit Hillel says: It is [subject to] <i>Shikhechah</i>.

הָעֹמֶר שֶׁהוּא סָמוּךְ לַגָּפָה וְלַגָּדִישׁ, לַבָּקָר וְלַכֵּלִים, וּשְׁכָחוֹ, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, אֵינוֹ שִׁכְחָה. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, שִׁכְחָה:

The sheaf that is next to a stone wall, or to a stack, or to cattle, or to vessels, and was forgotten, Beit Shammai says: It is not <i>Shikhechah</i>; Beit Hillel says, “[It is] <i>Shikhechah</i>.

רָאשֵׁי שׁוּרוֹת, הָעֹמֶר שֶׁכְּנֶגְדּוֹ מוֹכִיחַ. הָעֹמֶר שֶׁהֶחֱזִיק בּוֹ לְהוֹלִיכוֹ אֶל הָעִיר, וּשְׁכָחוֹ, מוֹדִים שֶׁאֵינוֹ שִׁכְחָה:

[The sheaves at] the heads of rows, [or] the sheaf [in an ungathered row] adjoining [an apparently forgotten sheaf], [or] the sheaf that he took to bring to the city and [afterwards] forgot it; they [Beit Hillel] concede that these are not <i>Shikhechah</i>.

וְאֵלּוּ הֵן רָאשֵׁי שׁוּרוֹת. שְׁנַיִם שֶׁהִתְחִילוּ מֵאֶמְצַע הַשּׁוּרָה, זֶה פָּנָיו לַצָּפוֹן וְזֶה פָּנָיו לַדָּרוֹם, וְשָׁכְחוּ לִפְנֵיהֶם וּלְאַחֲרֵיהֶם, אֶת שֶׁלִּפְנֵיהֶם שִׁכְחָה, וְאֶת שֶׁלְּאַחֲרֵיהֶם אֵינוֹ שִׁכְחָה. יָחִיד שֶׁהִתְחִיל מֵרֹאשׁ הַשּׁוּרָה, וְשָׁכַח לְפָנָיו וּלְאַחֲרָיו, שֶׁלְּפָנָיו אֵינוֹ שִׁכְחָה, וְשֶׁלְּאַחֲרָיו שִׁכְחָה, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא בְּבַל תָּשׁוּב (דברים כד). זֶה הַכְּלָל, כָּל שֶׁהוּא בְּבַל תָּשׁוּב, שִׁכְחָה. וְשֶׁאֵינוֹ בְּבַל תָּשׁוּב, אֵינוֹ שִׁכְחָה:

And these are the heads of rows: two who started from the middle of the row, this one facing north and that one facing south, and they forgot [some sheaves] before them and after them, the ones that are before them are <i>Shikhechah</i> and the ones that are behind them are not <i>Shikhechah</i>. An individual who starts from the head of the row and forgets [some sheaves] before himself and after himself, that which is before him is not <i>Shikhechah</i> and that which is after him is <i>Shikhechah</i>, since it falls under [the prohibition of] "Do not return." This is the general rule, all that falls under "Do not return" is <i>Shikhechah</i>, and whatever does not fall under "Do not return" is not <i>Shikhechah</i>.

שְׁנֵי עֳמָרִים, שִׁכְחָה, וּשְׁלשָׁה אֵינָן שִׁכְחָה. שְׁנֵי צִבּוּרֵי זֵיתִים וְחָרוּבִין, שִׁכְחָה, וּשְׁלשָׁה אֵינָן שִׁכְחָה. שְׁנֵי הוּצְנֵי פִשְׁתָּן, שִׁכְחָה, וּשְׁלשָׁה אֵינָן שִׁכְחָה. שְׁנֵי גַרְגְּרִים, פֶּרֶט, וּשְׁלשָׁה אֵינָן פֶּרֶט. שְׁנֵי שִׁבֳּלִים, לֶקֶט, וּשְׁלֹשָׁה אֵינָן לֶקֶט. אֵלּוּ כְּדִבְרֵי בֵית הִלֵּל. וְעַל כֻּלָּן בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, שְׁלשָׁה, לָעֲנִיִּים, וְאַרְבָּעָה, לְבַעַל הַבָּיִת:

Two sheaves are <i>Shikhechah</i> and three are not <i>Shikhechah</i>, two piles of olives or carobs are <i>Shikhechah</i> and three are not <i>Shikhechah</i>, two flax-stalks are <i>Shikhechah</i> and three are not <i>Shikhechah</i>, two single grapes are <i>Peret</i> [fallen grapes given to the poor] and three are not <i>Peret</i>, two ears of grain are <i>Leket</i> [fallen gleanings given to the poor] and three are not <i>Leket</i> - [these are] the words of Beit Hillel; regarding all these, Beit Shammai said: Three [belong] to the poor and four to the property owner.

הָעֹמֶר שֶׁיֶּשׁ בּוֹ סָאתַיִם, וּשְׁכָחוֹ, אֵינוֹ שִׁכְחָה. שְׁנֵי עֳמָרִים וּבָהֶם סָאתַיִם, רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר, לְבַעַל הַבָּיִת. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, לָעֲנִיִּים. אָמַר רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל, וְכִי מֵרֹב הָעֳמָרִים יֻפֵּי כֹחַ שֶׁל בַּעַל הַבַּיִת אוֹ הוּרַע כֹּחוֹ. אָמְרוּ לוֹ, יֻפֵּי כֹחוֹ. אָמַר לָהֶם, וּמָה אִם בִּזְמַן שֶׁהוּא עֹמֶר אֶחָד וּבוֹ סָאתַיִם וּשְׁכָחוֹ, אֵינוֹ שִׁכְחָה, שְׁנֵי עֳמָרִים וּבָהֶם סָאתַיִם, אֵינוֹ דִין שֶׁלֹּא יְהֵא שִׁכְחָה. אָמְרוּ לוֹ, לֹא, אִם אָמַרְתָּ בְּעֹמֶר אֶחָד שֶׁהוּא כְגָדִישׁ, תֹּאמַר בִּשְׁנֵי עֳמָרִים שֶׁהֵן כִּכְרִיכוֹת:

If a sheaf has [a volume of] two <i>Seah</i> [a specific unit of volume] and he forgets it, it is not <i>Shikhechah</i>. If two sheaves have [together a volume of] two <i>Seah</i>, Rabban Gamliel says: [It belongs] to the property owner; the Sages say: [It belongs] to the poor. Rabban Gamliel said, "Does an abundance of sheaves strengthen the power of the property owner or weaken his power?” They said to him, “They strengthen his power.” He said to them, “So since, at a time when there is one sheaf and it has two <i>Se'ah</i> and he forgot it, it is not <i>Shikhechah</i>, [if he had] two sheaves and they have two <i>Se'ah</i>, is it not the law that they will not be <i>Shikhechah</i>?” They said to him, “No, if you say [a law] regarding one sheaf, which is like a stack, will you say [that law] regarding two sheaves, which are like small bundles?”

קָמָה שֶׁיֶּשׁ בָּהּ סָאתַיִם, וּשְׁכָחָהּ, אֵינָהּ שִׁכְחָה. אֵין בָּהּ סָאתַיִם, אֲבָל הִיא רְאוּיָה לַעֲשׂוֹת סָאתַיִם, אֲפִלּוּ הִיא שֶׁל טוֹפֵחַ, רוֹאִין אוֹתָהּ כְּאִלּוּ הִיא עֲנָוָה שֶׁל שְׂעוֹרִים:

If a standing crop has two <i>Seah</i> and was forgotten, it is not <i>Shikhechah</i>; if it does not have two <i>Se'ah</i>, but it is fit to make two <i>Seah</i>, even if it is stunted, we view it as though it were good barley.

הַקָּמָה מַצֶּלֶת אֶת הָעֹמֶר וְאֶת הַקָּמָה. הָעֹמֶר אֵינוֹ מַצִּיל לֹא אֶת הָעֹמֶר וְלֹא אֶת הַקָּמָה. אֵיזוֹ הִיא קָמָה שֶׁהִיא מַצֶּלֶת אֶת הָעֹמֶר, כָּל שֶׁאֵינָהּ שִׁכְחָה אֲפִלּוּ קֶלַח אֶחָד:

The standing crop saves the sheaf and the standing crop [from being considered <i>Shikhechah</i>]. The sheaf does not save the sheaf or the standing crop. Which standing crop saves a sheaf? Anything that is not <i>Shikhechah</i>, even a single stalk.

סְאָה תְבוּאָה עֲקוּרָה וּסְאָה שֶׁאֵינָהּ עֲקוּרָה, וְכֵן בָּאִילָן, וְהַשּׁוּם וְהַבְּצָלִים, אֵינָן מִצְטָרְפִין לְסָאתַיִם, אֶלָּא שֶׁל עֲנִיִּים הֵם. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, אִם בָּאת רְשׁוּת הֶעָנִי בָּאֶמְצָע, אֵינָן מִצְטָרְפִין, וְאִם לָאו, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ מִצְטָרְפִין:

A <i>Seah</i> of uprooted grain and a <i>Seah</i> of grain that is not uprooted - and similarly for trees, garlic, and onions - do not combine to make two <i>Seah</i>, but rather they are for the poor. Rabbi Yosi says: If property of the poor man comes between them, they do not combine; if not, indeed these combine.

תְּבוּאָה שֶׁנִּתְּנָה לְשַׁחַת אוֹ לַאֲלֻמָּה, וְכֵן בַּאֲגֻדֵּי הַשּׁוּם, וַאֲגֻדּוֹת הַשּׁוּם וְהַבְּצָלִים, אֵין לָהֶן שִׁכְחָה. וְכָל הַטְּמוּנִים בָּאָרֶץ, כְּגוֹן הַלּוּף וְהַשּׁוּם וְהַבְּצָלִים, רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, אֵין לָהֶם שִׁכְחָה. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, יֵשׁ לָהֶם שִׁכְחָה:

Grain that is intended for animal food or for binding [other grain into sheaves] - and similarly for large bundles of garlic or smaller bundles of garlic and onion - these are not [subject to the law of] <i>Shikhechah</i>. And anything that [grows] concealed in the earth, like <i>luf</i> [Arum palaestinum] garlic and onions, Rabbi Yehuda says: They are not [subject to] <i>Shikhechah</i>; t]the Sages say: They are [subject to] <i>Shikhechah</i>.

הַקּוֹצֵר בַּלַּיְלָה וְהַמְעַמֵּר וְהַסּוּמָא, יֵשׁ לָהֶם שִׁכְחָה. וְאִם הָיָה מִתְכַּוֵּן לִטֹּל אֶת הַגַּס הַגַּס, אֵין לוֹ שִׁכְחָה. אִם אָמַר, הֲרֵי אֲנִי קוֹצֵר עַל מְנָת מַה שֶּׁאֲנִי שׁוֹכֵח אֲנִי אֶטֹּל, יֶשׁ לוֹ שִׁכְחָה:

He who harvests at night and he who makes sheaves, and also a blind person, they are [subject to] <i>Shikhechah</i>. And if one intended to take only the coarsest ones, it is [subject to] <i>Shikhechah</i>. If he said, “Indeed, I am harvesting on the condition that whatever I forget I will take,” he is [subject to] <i>Shikhechah</i>.