Oholot 7

הַטֻּמְאָה בַכֹּתֶל, וּמְקוֹמָהּ טֶפַח עַל טֶפַח עַל רוּם טֶפַח, כָּל הָעֲלִיּוֹת שֶׁעַל גַּבָּהּ, אֲפִלּוּ הֵן עֶשֶׂר, טְמֵאוֹת. הָיְתָה עֲלִיָּה אַחַת עַל גַּבֵּי שְׁנֵי בָתִּים, הִיא טְמֵאָה, וְכָל הָעֲלִיּוֹת שֶׁעַל גַּבָּהּ, טְהוֹרוֹת. כֹּתֶל שָׁנִית, טֻמְאָה בוֹקַעַת וְעוֹלָה, בּוֹקַעַת וְיוֹרָדֶת. נֶפֶשׁ אֲטוּמָה, הַנּוֹגֵעַ בָּהּ מִן הַצְּדָדִין, טָהוֹר, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁטֻּמְאָה בוֹקַעַת וְעוֹלָה, בּוֹקַעַת וְיוֹרָדֶת. אִם הָיָה מְקוֹם הַטֻּמְאָה טֶפַח עַל טֶפַח עַל רוּם טֶפַח, הַנּוֹגֵעַ בָּהּ מִכָּל מָקוֹם, טָמֵא, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהִיא כְקֶבֶר סָתוּם. סָמַךְ לָהּ סֻכּוֹת, טְמֵאוֹת. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה מְטַהֵר:

If there was impurity in the wall and its place was a handbreadth by a handbreadth by a handbreadth height, all upper stories that are above it, even if they were ten, are impure. If there was one upper story above two houses it is impure and all the upper stories that are above it are pure. A second wall, the impurity pierces and goes up, pierces and goes down. A solid gravestone, if one touches it from the sides he is pure because the impurity pierces and goes up, pierces and goes down. If the place of the impurity was a handbreadth by a handbreadth by a handbreadth height, one who touches it in any place is impure because it is like a sealed grave. If he supported booths with it, they are impure, but Rabbi Yehuda declares [them] pure.

כָּל שִׁפּוּעֵי אֹהָלִין, כָּאֹהָלִין. אֹהֶל שֶׁהוּא שׁוֹפֵעַ וְיוֹרֵד, וְכָלֶה עַד כְּאֶצְבַּע, טֻמְאָה בָאֹהֶל, כֵּלִים שֶׁתַּחַת הַשִּׁפּוּעַ, טְמֵאִים. טֻמְאָה תַחַת הַשִּׁפּוּעַ, כֵּלִים שֶׁבָּאֹהֶל, טְמֵאִין. טֻמְאָה מִתּוֹכוֹ, הַנּוֹגֵעַ בּוֹ מִתּוֹכוֹ, טָמֵא טֻמְאַת שִׁבְעָה. וּמֵאֲחוֹרָיו, טָמֵא טֻמְאַת עָרֶב. טֻמְאָה מֵאֲחוֹרָיו, הַנּוֹגֵעַ בּוֹ מֵאֲחוֹרָיו, טָמֵא טֻמְאַת שִׁבְעָה. מִתּוֹכוֹ, טָמֵא טֻמְאַת עָרֶב. כַּחֲצִי זַיִת מִתּוֹכוֹ וְכַחֲצִי זַיִת מֵאֲחוֹרָיו, הַנּוֹגֵעַ בּוֹ, בֵּין מִתּוֹכוֹ בֵּין מֵאֲחוֹרָיו, טָמֵא טֻמְאַת עָרֶב. מִקְצָתוֹ מְרֻדָּד עַל הָאָרֶץ, טֻמְאָה תַחְתָּיו אוֹ עַל גַּבָּיו, טֻמְאָה בוֹקַעַת וְעוֹלָה, בּוֹקַעַת וְיוֹרָדֶת. אֹהֶל שֶׁהוּא נָטוּי בָּעֲלִיָּה, מִקְצָתוֹ מְרֻדָּד עַל הָאֲרֻבָּה שֶׁבֵּין בַּיִת לָעֲלִיָּה, רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, מַצִּיל. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, אֵינוֹ מַצִּיל, עַד שֶׁיְּהֵא נָטוּי כִּנְטִיַּת הָאֹהֶל:

All sloping tents are like [other] tents. If the tent sloped downwards and ended less than a finger from the ground, if there was impurity in the tent, vessels underneath the slope are impure, if there was impurity under the slope vessels in the tent are impure. If there is impurity inside it, one who touches its inside is impure for seven days and [one who touches] its outside is impure until evening. If there is impurity outside it, one who touches its outside is impure for seven days and [one who touches] its inside is impure until evening. If there is [a piece the size of] half an olive inside and half an olive outside, one who touches it, whether he touches its inside or its outside, is impure until evening. If part of it is spread flat on the ground, if there is impurity underneath it or on top of it, the impurity pierces and goes up, pierces and goes down. A tent which is pitched in an upper story, and part of it is spread flat over the hatch that is between the house and the upper story, Rabbi Yossi says it protects [from spreading impurity], but Rabbi Shimon says it does not protect, until it is pitched like the pitching of a tent.

הַמֵּת בַּבַּיִת וּבוֹ פְתָחִין הַרְבֵּה, כֻּלָּן טְמֵאִין. נִפְתַּח אַחַד מֵהֶן, הוּא טָמֵא וְכֻלָּן טְהוֹרִים. חָשַׁב לְהוֹצִיאוֹ בְאַחַד מֵהֶן, אוֹ בְחַלּוֹן שֶׁהוּא אַרְבָּעָה עַל אַרְבָּעָה טְפָחִים, הִצִּיל עַל כָּל הַפְּתָחִים. בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, יַחְשֹׁב עַד שֶׁלֹּא יָמוּת הַמֵּת. בֵּית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, אַף מִשֶּׁמֵּת. הָיָה סָתוּם וְנִמְלַךְ לְפָתְחוֹ, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, כְּשֶׁיִּפְתַּח אַרְבָּעָה טְפָחִים. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, כְּשֶׁיַּתְחִיל. וּמוֹדִים בְּפוֹתֵחַ בַּתְּחִלָּה, שֶׁיִּפְתַּח אַרְבָּעָה טְפָחִים:

One who dies in a house that has many openings, they all become impure. If only one of them was open, it is impure and all the others are pure. If he thought to take out [the corpse] through one of them, or through a window that is four by four handbreadths, he protects all the other openings [from impurity]. Beit Shammai say he must decide before the corpse dies, but Beit Hillel say even after he dies. If it was sealed and he decided to open it, Beit Shammai say once he opens four handbreadths [it protects the other openings] but the House of Hillel say [even] once he starts. And they agree that if he opens it in the beginning he must open four handbreadths.

הָאִשָּׁה שֶׁהִיא מַקְשָׁה לֵילֵד וְהוֹצִיאוּהָ מִבַּיִת לְבַיִת, הָרִאשׁוֹן טָמֵא בְסָפֵק, וְהַשֵּׁנִי בְּוַדָּאי. אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוּדָה, אֵימָתַי, בִּזְמַן שֶׁהִיא נִטֶּלֶת בַּגַּפַּיִם. אֲבָל אִם הָיְתָה מְהַלֶּכֶת, הָרִאשׁוֹן טָהוֹר, שֶׁמִּשֶּׁנִּפְתַּח הַקֶּבֶר אֵין פְּנַאי לְהַלֵּךְ. אֵין לַנְּפָלִים פְּתִיחַת הַקֶּבֶר, עַד שֶׁיַּעְגִּילוּ רֹאשׁ כְּפִיקָה:

A woman who is having difficulty in childbirth [and gave birth to a stillborn], and was taken from one house to another, the first is impure by uncertainty and the second is certainly impure. Rabbi Yehuda says when is this so? When she is taken by her arms, but if she was walking, the first is pure because once her womb opens there is no ability to walk. Stillborn fetuses do not open the womb unless the head is rounded like a spindle.

יָצָא הָרִאשׁוֹן מֵת וְהַשֵּׁנִי חַי, טָהוֹר. הָרִאשׁוֹן חַי וְהַשֵּׁנִי מֵת, טָמֵא. רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר, בְּשָׁפִיר אֶחָד, טָמֵא. בִּשְׁנֵי שְׁפִירִים, טָהוֹר:

If the first one came out dead and the second one alive he is pure, if the first one came out alive and the second dead he is impure. Rabbi Meir says if they were in one placenta he is impure, if they were in two he is pure.

הָאִשָּׁה שֶׁהִיא מַקְשָׁה לֵילֵד, מְחַתְּכִין אֶת הַוָּלָד בְּמֵעֶיהָ וּמוֹצִיאִין אוֹתוֹ אֵבָרִים אֵבָרִים, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁחַיֶּיהָ קוֹדְמִין לְחַיָּיו. יָצָא רֻבּוֹ, אֵין נוֹגְעִין בּוֹ, שֶׁאֵין דּוֹחִין נֶפֶשׁ מִפְּנֵי נָפֶשׁ:

A woman who was having trouble giving birth, they cut up the fetus inside her and take it out limb by limb, because her life comes before its life. If most of it had come out already they do not touch it because we do not push off one life for another.