Mishnah
Mishnah

Oholot 5

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1

תַּנּוּר שֶׁהוּא עוֹמֵד בְּתוֹךְ הַבַּיִת וְעֵינוֹ קְמוּרָה לַחוּץ, וְהֶאֱהִילוּ עָלָיו קוֹבְרֵי הַמֵּת, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, הַכֹּל טָמֵא. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, הַתַּנּוּר טָמֵא וְהַבַּיִת טָהוֹר. רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, אַף הַתַּנּוּר טָהוֹר:

An oven that is standing in a house, with its outlet curved to the outside [of the house], and those burying a corpse overshadowed it: Beit Shammai says: everything is impure. Beit Hillel says: the oven is impure, but the house is pure. Rabbi Akiva says: even the oven is pure.

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2

אֲרֻבָּה שֶׁבֵּין הַבַּיִת לָעֲלִיָּה, וּקְדֵרָה נְתוּנָה עָלֶיהָ וּנְקוּבָה בְכוֹנֵס מַשְׁקֶה, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, הַכֹּל טָמֵא. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, הַקְּדֵרָה טְמֵאָה, וַעֲלִיָּה טְהוֹרָה. רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, אַף הַקְּדֵרָה טְהוֹרָה:

A hatch that is between the house and the upper story, and a pot was placed over it and it was perforated [by a hole large enough] to admit liquid: Beit Shammai says: everything is impure. Beit Hillel says: the pot is impure but the upper story is pure. Rabbi Akiva says: even the pot is pure.

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3

הָיְתָה שְׁלֵמָה, בֵּית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, מַצֶּלֶת עַל הַכֹּל. בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, אֵינָהּ מַצֶּלֶת אֶלָּא עַל הָאֳכָלִים וְעַל הַמַּשְׁקִים וְעַל כְּלֵי חָרֶס. חָזְרוּ בֵית הִלֵּל לְהוֹרוֹת כְּדִבְרֵי בֵית שַׁמָּאי:

If it was whole, Beit Hillel says it saves everything [from becoming impure], but Beit Shammai says it only saves food, drink and earthenware vessels. Beit Hillel later retracted to rule like Beit Shammai.

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4

לָגִין שֶׁהוּא מָלֵא מַשְׁקִין טְהוֹרִין, הַלָּגִין טָמֵא טֻמְאַת שִׁבְעָה, וְהַמַּשְׁקִין טְהוֹרִין. וְאִם פִּנָּן בִּכְלִי אַחֵר, טְמֵאִין. הָאִשָּׁה שֶׁהִיא לָשָׁה בָעֲרֵבָה, הָאִשָּׁה וְהָעֲרֵבָה טְמֵאִים טֻמְאַת שִׁבְעָה, וְהַבָּצֵק טָהוֹר. וְאִם פִּנַּתּוּ לִכְלִי אַחֵר, טָמֵא. חָזְרוּ בֵית הִלֵּל לְהוֹרוֹת כְּדִבְרֵי בֵית שַׁמָּאי:

A flagon that is full of pure liquid, the flagon becomes impure for seven days but the liquid is pure. But if one emptied [the liquids out into another vessel, they are impure. A woman who was kneading in a trough, the woman and the trough become impure for seven days but the dough is pure. But if one emptied the dough out into another vessel, it is impure. Beit Hillel later retracted to rule like Beit Shammai.

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5

הָיוּ כְלֵי גְלָלִים, כְּלֵי אֲבָנִים, כְּלֵי אֲדָמָה, הַכֹּל טָהוֹר. הָיָה כְלִי טָהוֹר לַקֹּדֶשׁ וְלַחַטָּאת, הַכֹּל טָהוֹר, שֶׁהַכֹּל נֶאֱמָנִין עַל הַחַטָּאת, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהַכֵּלִים טְהוֹרִין וּכְלֵי חֶרֶס טְהוֹרִין וּמַצִּילִין עִם דָּפְנוֹת אֹהָלִים:

If [over the hatch] there were vessels made of dung, stone vessels, or vessels of [unbaked] earth, everything [in the upper story] remains pure. If it was a vessel known to be pure for <i>Kodesh</i> [holy items] or for the <i>Chatat</i> [purifying waters of the red heifer], everything is pure, since everyone is trusted with regard to the <i>Chatat</i>. For the [above-mentioned] vessels are pure and earthenware vessels are pure (and) protect with the walls of tents.

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6

כֵּיצַד. הַבּוֹר וְהַדּוּת שֶׁבַּבַּיִת, וּכְפִישָׁה נְתוּנָה עָלָיו, טָהוֹר. אִם הָיְתָה בְאֵר חֲלָקָה, אוֹ כַוֶּרֶת פְּחוּתָה, וּכְפִישָׁה נְתוּנָה עָלֶיהָ, טָמֵא. אִם הָיָה נֶסֶר חָלָק, אוֹ סְרִידָה שֶׁאֵין לָהּ גַּפַּיִם, טָהוֹר, שֶׁאֵין הַכֵּלִים מַצִּילִים עִם דָּפְנוֹת אֹהָלִים עַד שֶׁיְּהֵא לָהֶן דְּפָנוֹת. וְכַמָּה תְהֵא הַדֹּפֶן, טֶפַח. הָיָה לָהּ חֲצִי טֶפַח מִכָּאן וַחֲצִי טֶפַח מִכָּאן, אֵינָהּ דֹּפֶן, עַד שֶׁיְּהֵא לָהּ טֶפַח מִמָּקוֹם אֶחָד:

How so? If there was a cistern or a cellar in a house and a large basket was placed over it, [the contents of the cistern or cellar] remain pure. But if it was a well level [with the ground] or a lessened basket and a large basket was placed over it, [the contents] are impure. If it was a smooth board or netting without rims, [the contents] are pure. For vessels do not protect with the walls of tents unless they themselves have walls. How much must the wall be? A handbreadth. If there was half a handbreadth on one side and half a handbreadth on the other, it is not [considered] a wall, until is a whole handbreadth from one object.

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7

כְּשֵׁם שֶׁמַּצִּילִין מִבִּפְנִים, כָּךְ מַצִּילִין מִבַּחוּץ. כֵּיצַד, כְּפִישָׁה שֶׁהִיא נְתוּנָה עַל הַיְתֵדוֹת מִבַּחוּץ, טֻמְאָה תַחְתֶּיהָ, כֵּלִים שֶׁבַּכְּפִישָׁה טְהוֹרִים. אִם הָיָה כֹתֶל חָצֵר אוֹ כֹתֶל גִּנָּה, אֵינוֹ מַצִּיל. קוֹרָה שֶׁהָיְתָה נְתוּנָה מִכֹּתֶל לְכֹתֶל וּקְדֵרָה תְלוּיָה בָהּ, טֻמְאָה תַחְתֶּיהָ, כֵּלִים שֶׁבַּקְּדֵרָה, רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא מְטַהֵר, וַחֲכָמִים מְטַמְּאִין:

Just as they protect inside so they protect outside. How so? A large basket placed on pegs on the outside [next to a tent], if there was impurity under it, vessels in the basket are pure. But if it was [next to] the wall of a courtyard or of the wall of a garden, it does not protect. A beam placed from one wall to another and a pot hanging from it: if there was impurity under it, Rabbi Akiva declares the vessels inside the pot pure, but the Sages declare them impure.

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