Niddah 3

הַמַּפֶּלֶת חֲתִיכָה, אִם יֵשׁ עִמָּהּ דָּם, טְמֵאָה. וְאִם לָאו, טְהוֹרָה. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, בֵּין כָּךְ וּבֵין כָּךְ, טְמֵאָה:

Regarding a woman who miscarries a piece [of flesh], if there was blood with it, she is impure; it not, she is pure. Rabbi Yehudah says: either way she is impure.

הַמַּפֶּלֶת כְּמִין קְלִפָּה, כְּמִין שַׂעֲרָה, כְּמִין עָפָר, כְּמִין יַבְחוּשִׁים אֲדֻמִּים, תַּטִּיל לַמַּיִם. אִם נִמֹּחוּ, טְמֵאָה. וְאִם לָאו, טְהוֹרָה. הַמַּפֶּלֶת כְּמִין דָּגִים, חֲגָבִים, שְׁקָצִים וּרְמָשִׂים, אִם יֵשׁ עִמָּהֶם דָּם, טְמֵאָה. וְאִם לָאו, טְהוֹרָה. הַמַּפֶּלֶת מִין בְּהֵמָה, חַיָּה וָעוֹף, בֵּין טְמֵאִין בֵּין טְהוֹרִים, אִם זָכָר, תֵּשֵׁב לְזָכָר. וְאִם נְקֵבָה, תֵּשֵׁב לִנְקֵבָה. וְאִם אֵין יָדוּעַ, תֵּשֵׁב לְזָכָר וְלִנְקֵבָה, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, כֹּל שֶׁאֵין בּוֹ מִצּוּרַת אָדָם, אֵינוֹ וָלָד:

If she miscarries something like a membrane, like a hair, like dust, like red flies, she should put it in water, [and] if it dissolves she is impure; and if not, she is pure. If she miscarries something like fish, [like] locusts, [like] <i>shekatsim u'remasim</i> [small animals, such as reptiles, insect, or rodents, which move by scurrying, creeping, slithering, etc.], if they had blood with them, she is impure; and if not, she is pure. If she miscarries something like a [domesticated] animal, a beast, or a fowl, whether pure or impure ones [i.e. kosher or not kosher], if it is male, she should sit for [the number of postpartum days of impurity and purity required for one who gives birth to] a male; and if it is female, she should sit for [the number of postpartum days of impurity and purity required for one who gives birth to] a female. And if [its sex is] unknown, she should sit for [the number of days of impurity and purity required for one who gives birth to] a male and for [one who gives birth to] a female [i.e. she should be stringent in both directions, with a longer period of initial impurity, and a shorter period of subsequent purity], according to Rabbi Meir. And the Sages say: anything that does not have a human shape is not [considered to be] a fetus [with regard to the purity status of one who gives birth].

הַמַּפֶּלֶת שְׁפִיר מָלֵא מַיִם, מָלֵא דָם, מָלֵא גְנוּנִים, אֵינָהּ חוֹשֶׁשֶׁת לְוָלָד. וְאִם הָיָה מְרֻקָּם, תֵּשֵׁב לְזָכָר וְלִנְקֵבָה:

If she miscarries a sac full of water, full of blood, or full of strands [of flesh], she need not be suspicious that it was a fetus. But if its was assembled [into a human form], she should sit for [the number of postpartum days of impurity and purity required for one who gives birth to] a male and for [one who gives birth to] a female.

הַמַּפֶּלֶת סַנְדָּל אוֹ שִׁלְיָא, תֵּשֵׁב לְזָכָר וְלִנְקֵבָה. שִׁלְיָא בַּבַּיִת, הַבַּיִת טָמֵא. לֹא שֶׁהַשִּׁלְיָא וָלָד, אֶלָּא שֶׁאֵין שִׁלְיָא בְלֹא וָלָד. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, נִמּוֹק הַוָּלָד עַד שֶׁלֹּא יָצָא:

If she miscarries a sandal [i.e. a piece of flesh without a face, similar in shape to a sandal] or a placenta, she should sit for [the number of days of impurity and purity required for one who gives birth to] a male and for [one who gives birth to] a female. If a placenta is in a house, the house is impure [as from the impruty of a corpse]; not because a placenta is a fetus, but because there can be no placenta without a fetus. Rabbi Shimon says: the fetus [that was in the placenta] dissolved [into the blood and was nullified] before it came out [and therefore the house is not impure].

הַמַּפֶּלֶת טֻמְטוּם, וְאַנְדְּרוֹגִינוֹס, תֵּשֵׁב לְזָכָר וְלִנְקֵבָה. טֻמְטוּם וְזָכָר, אַנְדְּרוֹגִינוֹס וְזָכָר, תֵּשֵׁב לְזָכָר וְלִנְקֵבָה. טֻמְטוּם וּנְקֵבָה, אַנְדְּרוֹגִינוֹס וּנְקֵבָה, תֵּשֵׁב לִנְקֵבָה בִלְבָד. יָצָא מְחֻתָּךְ אוֹ מְסֹרָס, מִשֶּׁיָּצָא רֻבּוֹ, הֲרֵי הוּא כְיָלוּד. יָצָא כְדַרְכּוֹ, עַד שֶׁיֵּצֵא רֹב רֹאשׁוֹ. וְאֵיזֶהוּ רֹב רֹאשׁוֹ, מִשֶּׁתֵּצֵא פַדַּחְתּוֹ:

If she miscarries an asexual [fetus], or an androgynous [fetus], she should sit for [the number of days of impurity and purity required for one who gives birth to] a male and for [one who gives birth to] a female. If [she miscarries] an asexual [fetus] and a male [fetus, at once], or an androgynous and a male, she should sit for [the required number of days for one who gives birth to] a male and for [one who gives birth to] a female. If [she miscarries] an asexual [fetus] and a female [fetus, at once], or an androgynous and a female, she should sit only for [the required number of days for one who gives birth to] a female. If it emerged in pieces or backwards, once the majority of it has emerged it is regarded as having been born. If it came out normally, [it is not considered born] until the majority of its head has emerged. And what is [considered to be] the majority of its head? Once its forehead emerges.

הַמַּפֶּלֶת וְאֵין יָדוּעַ מַה הוּא, תֵּשֵׁב לְזָכָר וְלִנְקֵבָה. אֵין יָדוּעַ אִם וָלָד הָיָה אִם לָאו, תֵּשֵׁב לְזָכָר וְלִנְקֵבָה וּלְנִדָּה:

If she miscarries, and it is unknown what it is, she should sit for [the number of days of impurity and purity required for one who gives birth to] a male and for [one who gives birth to] a female. If it is unknown whether it was a fetus or not, she should sit for [the required number of days for one who gives birt to] a male and for [one who gives birth to] a female, and for [being] a <i>niddah</i> [a female who has menstrual discharges which render her impure; i.e. she should be stringent in all directions].

הַמַּפֶּלֶת לְיוֹם אַרְבָּעִים, אֵינָהּ חוֹשֶׁשֶׁת לְוָלָד. לְיוֹם אַרְבָּעִים וְאֶחָד, תֵּשֵׁב לְזָכָר וְלִנְקֵבָה וּלְנִדָּה. רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל אוֹמֵר, יוֹם אַרְבָּעִים וְאֶחָד, תֵּשֵׁב לְזָכָר וּלְנִדָּה. יוֹם שְׁמוֹנִים וְאֶחָד, תֵּשֵׁב לְזָכָר וְלִנְקֵבָה וּלְנִדָּה, שֶׁהַזָּכָר נִגְמָר לְאַרְבָּעִים וְאֶחָד, וְהַנְּקֵבָה לִשְׁמוֹנִים וְאֶחָד. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, אֶחָד בְּרִיַּת הַזָּכָר וְאֶחָד בְּרִיַּת הַנְּקֵבָה, זֶה וָזֶה לְאַרְבָּעִים וְאֶחָד:

If she miscarries on the fortieth day [since her prior immersion], she need not be concerned that it was a fetus. If [she miscarries] on the forty-first day, she should sit [for the required number of days] for a male and for a female, and for [being] a <i>niddah</i>. Rabbi Yishmael says: on the forty-first day she should sit for [the required number of days for one who gives birth to] a male and for [being] a <i>niddah</i>. On the eighty-first day she should sit for a male and for a female and for [being] a <i>niddah</i>, because [the formation of] a male is completed in forty-one [days], and a female in eighty-one. And the Sages say: this and that [are both completed] in forty-one.