Negaim 4

יֵשׁ בְּשֵׂעָר לָבָן מַה שֶּׁאֵין בְּפִשְׂיוֹן, וְיֵשׁ בְּפִשְׂיוֹן מַה שֶּׁאֵין בְּשֵׂעָר לָבָן. שֶׁשֵּׂעָר לָבָן מְטַמֵּא בַתְּחִלָּה, וּמְטַמֵּא בְכָל מַרְאֵה לֹבֶן, וְאֵין בּוֹ סִימַן טָהֳרָה. יֵשׁ בְּפִשְׂיוֹן, שֶׁהַפִּשְׂיוֹן מְטַמֵּא בְכָל שֶׁהוּא, וּמְטַמֵּא בְכָל הַנְּגָעִים, חוּץ לַנֶּגַע, מַה שֶּׁאֵין כֵּן בְּשֵׂעָר לָבָן:

There are [laws] that apply to white hair that do not apply to spreading, and there are [laws] that apply to spreading that do not apply to white hairs. For white hair makes [the diseased patch] impure initially and makes it impure with any appearance of whiteness and has in it no [corresponding] sign of purity. There are [also unique laws] by spreading, for spreading makes it impure with any amount, and makes any <i>Nega</i> [diseased patch on skin, clothes, or houses that creates impurity] impure, [as well as if it spread] outside the <i>Nega</i>, which is not true by white hair.

יֵשׁ בְּמִחְיָה מַה שֶּׁאֵין בְּפִשְׂיוֹן, וְיֵשׁ בְּפִשְׂיוֹן מַה שֶּׁאֵין בְּמִחְיָה. שֶׁהַמִּחְיָה מְטַמָּא בַתְּחִלָּה, וּמְטַמָּא בְכָל מַרְאֶה, וְאֵין בָּהּ סִימַן טָהֳרָה. יֵשׁ בְּפִשְׂיוֹן, שֶׁהַפִּשְׂיוֹן מְטַמֵּא בְכָל שֶׁהוּא, וּמְטַמֵּא בְכָל הַנְּגָעִים, חוּץ לַנֶּגַע, מַה שֶּׁאֵין כֵּן בְּמִחְיָה:

There are [laws] by a healthy patch of skin that spreading does not have, and there are [laws] by spreading that a healthy patch of skin does not have. For a healthy patch of skin makes [the <i>Nega</i>] impure initially, and makes impure with any appearance, and has in it no [corresponding] sign of purity. There are [also unique laws] by spreading, for spreading makes it impure with any amount, and makes any <i>Nega</i> impure, [as well as if it spread] outside the <i>Nega</i>, which is not true by a healthy patch of skin.

יֵשׁ בְּשֵׂעָר לָבָן מַה שֶּׁאֵין בְּמִחְיָה, וְיֵשׁ בְּמִחְיָה מַה שֶּׁאֵין בְּשֵׂעָר לָבָן. שֶׁשֵּׂעָר לָבָן מְטַמֵּא בַשְּׁחִין וּבַמִּכְוָה, בִּמְכֻנָּס וּבִמְפֻזָּר, בִּמְבֻצָּר וְשֶׁלֹּא בִמְבֻצָּר. יֵשׁ בְּמִחְיָה, שֶׁהַמִּחְיָה מְטַמָּא בַקָּרַחַת וּבַגַּבַּחַת, הֲפוּכָה וְשֶׁלֹּא הֲפוּכָה, וּמְעַכֶּבֶת אֶת הַהוֹפֵךְ כֻּלּוֹ לָבָן, וּמְטַמָּא בְכָל מַרְאֶה, מַה שֶּׁאֵין כֵּן בְּשֵׂעָר לָבָן:

There are [laws] by white hair that a healthy patch of skin does not have, and there are [laws] by a healthy patch of skin that white hair does not have. For white hair makes [the <i>Nega</i>] impure if it was in [the area of] a boil or burn, [if the hair was] concentrated or scattered, [if it was] surrounded [by the <i>Nega</i>] or not surrounded. There are [also unique laws] by a healthy patch of skin, for a healthy patch of skin makes a <i>Karachat</i> [<i>Nega</i> that balds the back of the head] or <i>Gabachat</i> [<i>Nega</i> that balds the top of the head], whether [the patch] was preexisting or not preexisting, and it prevents [purification of] someone who has turned completely white [by a <i>Nega</i>] and makes impure with any appearance, which is not true by white hair.

שְׁתֵּי שְׂעָרוֹת, עִקָּרָן מַשְׁחִיר וְרֹאשָׁן מַלְבִּין, טָהוֹר. עִקָּרָן מַלְבִּין וְרֹאשָׁן מַשְׁחִיר, טָמֵא. כַּמָּה יְהֵא בַלַּבְנוּנִית, רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר, כָּל שֶׁהוּא. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, כְּדֵי לִקְרֹץ בְּזוּג. הָיְתָה אַחַת מִלְּמַטָּה וְנֶחְלְקָה מִלְמַעְלָה וְהִיא נִרְאֵית כִּשְׁתַּיִם, טָהוֹר. בַּהֶרֶת וּבוֹ שֵׂעָר לָבָן אוֹ שֵׂעָר שָׁחוֹר, טָמֵא. אֵין חוֹשְׁשִׁין שֶׁמָּא מִעֵט מְקוֹם שֵׂעָר שָׁחוֹר אֶת הַבַּהֶרֶת, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁאֵין בּוֹ מַמָּשׁ:

Two hairs whose roots are black and tips are white are [still] pure. [Two hairs] whose roots are white and tips are black are impure. How much whiteness [is required]? Rabbi Meir says: Any amount. Rabbi Shimon says: [Enough] to be able to cut [them] with scissors. If [the hair] was one at the bottom but it split at the top and looks like two, it is [still] pure. A <i>Baheret</i> [type of diseased patch that creates impurity] in which there is white hair or black hair is impure, [because] we do not worry lest the area of the black hair reduced the [total area of the] <i>Baheret</i> [and made it smaller than the minimum size] because it does not have significance.

בַּהֶרֶת כַּגְּרִיס וְחוּט יוֹצֵא מִמֶּנָּה, אִם יֶשׁ בּוֹ רֹחַב שְׁתֵּי שְׂעָרוֹת, זוֹקְקָהּ לְשֵׂעָר לָבָן וּלְפִסְיוֹן, אֲבָל לֹא לְמִחְיָה. שְׁתֵּי בֶהָרוֹת וְחוּט יוֹצֵא מִזּוֹ לָזוֹ, אִם יֶשׁ בּוֹ רֹחַב שְׁתֵּי שְׂעָרוֹת, מְצָרְפָן. וְאִם לָאו, אֵין מְצָרְפָן:

A <i>Baheret</i> like [the size of] a bean [which is the minimum size of a valid <i>Nega</i>] and a string [of expanded <i>Nega</i>] extends out of it, if it has the width of two hairs, it is obligated [in the laws of impurity] with regards to white hair [in it] and [further] expansion but not [regarding] a patch of healthy skin. Two <i>Baherot</i> and a narrow strip extend from one to the other, if it has the width of two hairs, he combines them [to form one <i>Nega</i>]. And if not, he does not combine them.

בַּהֶרֶת כַּגְּרִיס וּבָהּ מִחְיָה כָעֲדָשָׁה וְשֵׂעָר לָבָן בְּתוֹךְ הַמִּחְיָה, הָלְכָה הַמִּחְיָה, טְמֵאָה מִפְּנֵי שֵׂעָר לָבָן. הָלַךְ שֵׂעָר לָבָן, טָמֵא מִפְּנֵי הַמִּחְיָה. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן מְטַהֵר, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁלֹּא הֲפָכַתּוּ הַבַּהֶרֶת. בַּהֶרֶת, הִיא וּמִחְיָתָהּ כַּגְּרִיס, וְשֵׂעָר לָבָן בְּתוֹךְ הַבַּהֶרֶת, הָלְכָה הַמִּחְיָה, טְמֵאָה מִפְּנֵי שֵׂעָר לָבָן. הָלַךְ שֵׂעָר לָבָן, טָמֵא מִפְּנֵי הַמִּחְיָה. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן מְטַהֵר, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁלֹּא הֲפָכַתּוּ בַהֶרֶת כַּגְּרִיס. וּמוֹדֶה, שֶׁאִם יֵשׁ בִּמְקוֹם שֵׂעָר לָבָן כַּגְּרִיס, שֶׁהוּא טָמֵא:

A <i>Baheret</i> like [the size of] a bean in which there is a healthy patch of skin like [the size of] a lentil and there is white hair inside the patch, [if] the patch of healthy skin goes away, it is [still] impure because of the white hair. If the white hair goes away, it is [still] impure because of the patch of healthy skin. Rabbi Shimon calls it pure, because the <i>Baheret</i> has not changed it [into becoming white]. A <i>Baheret</i> [in which] it and its patch of healthy skin [together fill an area] like a bean, and there is white hair in the <i>Baheret</i>, [if] the healthy patch goes away, it is [still] impure because of the white hair. [If] the white hair disappears, it is [still] impure because of the healthy patch. Rabbi Shimon calls it pure, because the <i>Baheret</i> [that fills an area] like a bean has not changed it [into becoming white]. But [Rabbi Shimon] agrees that if the area of the white hair is like a bean, it is impure.

בַּהֶרֶת וּבָהּ מִחְיָה וּפִסְיוֹן, הָלְכָה הַמִּחְיָה, טְמֵאָה מִפְּנֵי הַפִּסְיוֹן. הָלַךְ הַפִּסְיוֹן, טְמֵאָה מִפְּנֵי הַמִּחְיָה. וְכֵן בְּשֵׂעָר לָבָן וּבְפִסְיוֹן. הָלְכָה וְחָזְרָה בְסוֹף שָׁבוּעַ, הֲרֵי הִיא כְמוֹת שֶׁהָיְתָה. לְאַחַר הַפְּטוּר, תֵּרָאֶה כַתְּחִלָּה. הָיְתָה עַזָּה וְנַעֲשֵׂית כֵּהָה, כֵּהָה וְנַעֲשֵׂית עַזָּה, הֲרֵי הִיא כְמוֹ שֶׁהָיְתָה, וּבִלְבַד שֶׁלֹּא תִתְמַעֵט מֵאַרְבָּעָה מַרְאוֹת. כָּנְסָה וּפָשְׂתָה, פָּשְׂתָה וְכָנְסָה, רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא מְטַמֵּא, וַחֲכָמִים מְטַהֲרִין:

A <i>Baheret</i> in which there is a patch of healthy skin and an expansion, [if] the patch of healthy skin goes away, it is impure because of the expansion. If the expansion goes away, it is impure because of the patch of healthy skin. The same [applies] if it had white hair and an expansion. If [the <i>Nega</i>] goes away and comes back at the end of the week, it is treated as if it was [there the entire time]. [If it returned] after it was exempted, it should be seen as if it was the first [time]. If it was bright and became dull, [or] dull and it became bright, it is treated as if it was [there the entire time] as long as it does not become less than the four appearances [of a <i>Nega</i>]. If it contracted [during the quarantine time] and [then] expanded [before the priest called it impure], or expanded and [then] contracted, Rabbi Akiva calls it impure and the Sages call it pure.

בַּהֶרֶת כַּגְּרִיס וּפָשְׂתָה כַחֲצִי גְרִיס, וְהָלַךְ מִן הָאוֹם כַּחֲצִי גְרִיס, רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, תֵּרָאֶה בַתְּחִלָּה. וַחֲכָמִים מְטַהֲרִין:

A <i>Baheret</i> like [the size of] a bean that expands [the size of another] half a bean but the original [<i>Nega</i> area] is diminished by half a bean, Rabbi Akiva says: It should be seen as if it was the first [time]. But the Sages call it pure.

בַּהֶרֶת כַּגְּרִיס וּפָשְׂתָה כַחֲצִי גְרִיס וָעוֹד, וְהָלַךְ מִן הָאוֹם כַּחֲצִי גְרִיס, רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא מְטַמֵּא, וַחֲכָמִים מְטַהֲרִין. בַּהֶרֶת כַּגְּרִיס וּפָשְׂתָה כַגְּרִיס וָעוֹד, וְהָלְכָה לָהּ הָאוֹם, רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא מְטַמֵּא, וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, תֵּרָאֶה בַתְּחִלָּה:

A <i>Baheret</i> like [the size of] a bean that expands [the size of another] half a bean and more but the original [<i>Nega</i> area] is diminished by half a bean, Rabbi Akiva calls it impure and the Sages call it pure. A <i>Baheret</i> like [the size of] a bean that expands [the size of another] bean and more, but the original [<i>Nega</i> area] disappears, Rabbi Akiva calls it impure. But the Sages say: It should be seen as if it was the first [time].

בַּהֶרֶת כַּגְּרִיס וּפָשְׂתָה כַגְּרִיס, נוֹלְדָה לַפִּסְיוֹן מִחְיָה אוֹ שֵׂעָר לָבָן, וְהָלַךְ לָהּ הָאוֹם, רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא מְטַמֵּא, וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, תֵּרָאֶה בַתְּחִלָּה. בַּהֶרֶת כַּחֲצִי גְרִיס וְאֵין בָּהּ כְּלוּם, נוֹלְדָה בַהֶרֶת כַּחֲצִי גְרִיס וּבָהּ שַׂעֲרָה אַחַת, הֲרֵי זוֹ לְהַסְגִּיר. בַּהֶרֶת כַּחֲצִי גְרִיס וּבָהּ שַׂעֲרָה אַחַת, נוֹלְדָה בַהֶרֶת כַּחֲצִי גְרִיס וּבָהּ שַׂעֲרָה אַחַת, הֲרֵי זוֹ לְהַסְגִּיר. בַּהֶרֶת כַּחֲצִי גְרִיס וּבָהּ שְׁתֵּי שְׂעָרוֹת, נוֹלְדָה בַהֶרֶת כַּחֲצִי גְרִיס וּבָהּ שַׂעֲרָה אַחַת, הֲרֵי זוֹ לְהַסְגִּיר:

A <i>Baheret</i> like [the size of] a bean that expands like a bean [and] the expansion develops a healthy patch of skin or white hair but the original <i>Nega</i> goes away from it, Rabbi Akiva calls it impure and the Sages say: It should be seen as if it was the first [time]. A <i>Baheret</i> like [the size of] half a bean and there is nothing in it, [if another] <i>Baheret</i> [the size of] half a bean develops and there is one white hair in it, behold this [person] must be quarantined. A <i>Baheret</i> [the size of] half a bean with one [white] hair in it, [if another] <i>Baheret</i> [the size of] half a bean with one hair develops, behold this [person] must be quarantined. A <i>Baheret</i> [the size of] half a bean with two [white] hairs in it, [if another] <i>Baheret</i> [the size of] half a bean with one hair develops, this [person] must be quarantined.

בַּהֶרֶת כַּחֲצִי גְרִיס וְאֵין בָּהּ כְּלוּם, נוֹלְדָה בַהֶרֶת כַּחֲצִי גְרִיס וּבָהּ שְׁתֵּי שְׂעָרוֹת, הֲרֵי זוֹ לְהַחְלִיט, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁאָמְרוּ, אִם בַּהֶרֶת קָדְמָה לְשֵׂעָר לָבָן, טָמֵא. וְאִם שֵׂעָר לָבָן קָדַם לְבַהֶרֶת, טָהוֹר. וְאִם סָפֵק, טָמֵא. וְרַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ קִהָה:

A <i>Baheret</i> like [the size of] half a bean with nothing in it, [if another] <i>Baheret</i> [the size of] half a bean develops with two [white] hairs in it, it is decided [that he is impure] because they [the Sages] said: If the <i>Baheret</i> preceded the white hairs, it is impure. But if the white hair preceded the <i>Baheret</i>, it is [still] pure. If [a case is] unclear, it is impure. But Rabbi Yehoshua declared [the matter] unsolvable.