Mikvaot 3
רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, שְׁנֵי מִקְוָאוֹת שֶׁאֵין בָּהֶם אַרְבָּעִים סְאָה, וְנָפְלוּ לָזֶה לֹג וּמֶחֱצָה וְלָזֶה לֹג וּמֶחֱצָה וְנִתְעָרְבוּ, כְּשֵׁרִים, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁלֹּא נִקְרָא עֲלֵיהֶן שֵׁם פְּסוּל. אֲבָל מִקְוֶה שֶׁאֵין בּוֹ אַרְבָּעִים סְאָה וְנָפְלוּ בוֹ שְׁלשָׁה לֻגִּין וְנֶחֱלַק לִשְׁנַיִם, פָּסוּל, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁנִּקְרָא עָלָיו שֵׁם פְּסוּל. וְרַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ מַכְשִׁיר, שֶׁהָיָה רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר, כָּל מִקְוֶה שֶׁאֵין בּוֹ אַרְבָּעִים סְאָה וְנָפְלוּ לוֹ שְׁלשָׁה לֻגִּין וְחָסַר אֲפִלּוּ קֹרְטוֹב, כָּשֵׁר, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁחָסְרוּ לוֹ שְׁלשָׁה לֻגִּין. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, לְעוֹלָם הוּא בִפְסוּלוֹ, עַד שֶׁיֵּצֵא מִמֶּנּוּ מְלוֹאוֹ וָעוֹד:
Rabbi Yose says: Two <i>mikvaot</i> [gatherings of water collected by natural means and immersed in for purification] that do not [each] contain forty <i>se'ah</i> [a specific measure of volume], and which a <i>log</i> [a specific measure of volume] and a half [of drawn waters] fell into this one, and a <i>log</i> and half into that one, and they [the two <i>mikvaot</i>] became mixed together, they are valid, since they were never given a title of invalidity [i.e. independently, each was considered valid by the law]. But a <i>mikveh</i> which does not contain forty <i>se'ah</i>, into which fell three <i>log</i> [of drawn waters], and was then split into two, it is invalid, since it was given a title of invalidity [since three <i>log</i> of drawn waters invalidate a <i>mikveh</i> containing fewer than forty <i>se'ah</i> of valid waters]. And Rabbi Yehoshua considers it valid, for Rabbi Yehoshua would say: Any <i>mikveh</i> which does not contain forty <i>se'ah</i> [of valid waters], if three <i>log</i> [of drawn waters] fell into it, and it [then] became lacking even a <i>kortov</i> [A minute volume measure], it is valid [when enough valid water is added], since it is lacking [part of the] three <i>log</i>. And the Sages say: it is forever in its invalid state, until its fullness plus some more depart from it [i.e. it would need to become lacking the amount of water it contained before the drawn waters were added, plus a little more, in order to be considered valid].
כֵּיצַד. הַבּוֹר שֶׁבְּחָצֵר וְנָפְלוּ לוֹ שְׁלשָׁה לֻגִּין, לְעוֹלָם הוּא בִפְסוּלוֹ, עַד שֶׁיֵּצֵא מִמֶּנּוּ מְלוֹאוֹ וָעוֹד, אוֹ עַד שֶׁיַּעֲמִיד בֶּחָצֵר אַרְבָּעִים סְאָה וְיִטְהֲרוּ הָעֶלְיוֹנִים מִן הַתַּחְתּוֹנִים. רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן עֲזַרְיָה פּוֹסֵל, אֶלָּא אִם כֵּן פָּקָק:
How so? If there is a pit in the courtyard, and three <i>log</i> [of drawn waters] fell into it, it is forever in its invalid state until its fullness, plus some more, depart from it, or until one erects [another <i>mikveh</i> containing] forty <i>se'ah</i> in the courtyard [and makes an opening to connect between them], and the upper [waters] will be purified by the lower. Rabbi Elazar ben Azariah considers it invalid, except if one plugs up [all the sides of the pit containing the invalid waters, such that it is open only to the valid <i>mikveh</i>].
בּוֹר שֶׁהוּא מָלֵא מַיִם שְׁאוּבִין וְהָאַמָּה נִכְנֶסֶת לוֹ וְיוֹצְאָה מִמֶּנּוּ, לְעוֹלָם הוּא בִפְסוּלוֹ, עַד שֶׁיִּתְחַשֵּׁב שֶׁלֹּא נִשְׁתַּיֵּר מִן הָרִאשׁוֹנִים שְׁלשָׁה לֻגִּין. שְׁנַיִם שֶׁהָיוּ מַטִּילִין לַמִּקְוֶה, זֶה לֹג וּמֶחֱצָה וָזֶה לֹג וּמֶחֱצָה, הַסּוֹחֵט אֶת כְּסוּתוֹ וּמַטִּיל מִמְּקוֹמוֹת הַרְבֵּה, וְהַמְּעָרֶה מִן הַצַּרְצוּר וּמַטִּיל מִמְּקוֹמוֹת הַרְבֵּה, רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא מַכְשִׁיר, וַחֲכָמִים פּוֹסְלִין. אָמַר רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא, לֹא אָמְרוּ מַטִּילִין, אֶלָּא מַטִּיל. אָמְרוּ לוֹ, לֹא כָךְ וְלֹא כָךְ אָמְרוּ, אֶלָּא שֶׁנָּפְלוּ לוֹ שְׁלשָׁה לֻגִּין:
If there is a pit full of drawn waters, and a channel [of rainwater] is entering into to and leaving from it, it is forever in its invalid state until it is calculated that there no longer remain [in the pit] three <i>log</i> [or more, of drawn waters] from the original amount. Two individuals who were dropping, this one a <i>log</i> and a half and that one a <i>log</i> and a half, into a <i>mikveh</i>; or one who wrings out his clothing and it drops [water into the <i>mikveh</i>] from many areas [of the clothing]; or one who pours out [water] from a tzirtzur [a stone vessel with a netted opening] and it drops from many areas [of the vessel]; Rabbi Akiva considers these [such cases] valid, and the Sages consider them invalid. Rabbi Akiva said, "They did not say 'if they drop [three <i>log</i> of drawn waters, it is rendered invalid],' but rather 'if it drops.' [implying that it is only invalid if the water was dropped in from only one source]" They said to him, "They said neither this nor that. Rather [they said,] 'one that three <i>log</i> fell into it [is rendered invalid, and there is no distinction between dropping from one or multiple sources].'"
מִכְּלִי אֶחָד, מִשְּׁנַיִם וּמִשְּׁלשָׁה, מִצְטָרְפִין. וּמֵאַרְבָּעָה, אֵין מִצְטָרְפִין. בַּעַל קֶרִי הַחוֹלֶה שֶׁנָּפְלוּ עָלָיו תִּשְׁעָה קַבִּין מַיִם, וְטָהוֹר שֶׁנָּפְלוּ עַל רֹאשׁוֹ וְעַל רֻבּוֹ שְׁלשָׁה לֻגִּין מַיִם שְׁאוּבִין, מִכְּלִי אֶחָד, מִשְּׁנַיִם וּמִשְּׁלשָׁה, מִצְטָרְפִין. מֵאַרְבָּעָה, אֵין מִצְטָרְפִין. בַּמֶּה דְבָרִים אֲמוּרִים. בִּזְמַן שֶׁהִתְחִיל הַשֵּׁנִי עַד שֶׁלֹּא פָסַק הָרִאשׁוֹן. וּבַמֶּה דְבָרִים אֲמוּרִים. בִּזְמַן שֶׁלֹּא נִתְכַּוֵּן לְרַבּוֹת. אֲבָל נִתְכַּוֵּן לְרַבּוֹת, אֲפִלּוּ קֹרְטוֹב בְּכָל הַשָּׁנָה, מִצְטָרְפִין לִשְׁלשָׁה לֻגִּין:
If [three <i>log</i> of drawn waters fell into a <i>mikveh</i>] from one vessel, from two, or from three, they join together [to add up to the required measure to render the <i>mikveh</i> invalid]; but from four [vessels], they do not join together. A <i>ba'al keri</i> [a male who has had a seminal emission but has yet to purify himself by immersion in a <i>mikveh</i>] who is ill, if nine <i>kav</i> [a specific volume measurement, equal to four <i>log</i>] fell on him [which the Sages established to be sufficient to purify him in such a case when he is ill and therefore cannot immerse], or a pure individual who three <i>log</i> of drawn waters fell on his head and the majority of his body [which the Sages established renders one impure], if [they fell on him] from one vessel, or from two, or from three, they join together [to add up to the minimum measure required to render them either pure or impure, respectively]; if from four, they do not join together [to add up to the required measure to have an effect]. Regarding what were these words said? Regarding a time when the second [vessel] began [pouring] before the first had stopped. And regarding what were these words said [i.e. that three <i>log</i> poured from four vessels, or not poured in close succession, do not join together to render a <i>mikveh</i> invalid]? Regarding a time when one did not intend to increase [the waters of the <i>mikveh</i>]; but if one did intended to increase, even [only by] a <i>kortov</i> every year, they do join together to three <i>log</i> [rendering the <i>mikveh</i> invalid].