Middot 1

בִּשְׁלשָׁה מְקוֹמוֹת הַכֹּהֲנִים שׁוֹמְרִים בְּבֵית הַמִּקְדָּשׁ, בְּבֵית אַבְטִינָס, וּבְבֵית הַנִּיצוֹץ, וּבְבֵית הַמּוֹקֵד. וְהַלְוִיִּם בְּעֶשְׂרִים וְאֶחָד מָקוֹם. חֲמִשָּׁה, עַל חֲמִשָּׁה שַׁעֲרֵי הַר הַבַּיִת. אַרְבָּעָה, עַל אַרְבַּע פִּנּוֹתָיו מִתּוֹכוֹ. חֲמִשָּׁה, עַל חֲמִשָּׁה שַׁעֲרֵי הָעֲזָרָה. אַרְבָּעָה, עַל אַרְבַּע פִּנּוֹתֶיהָ מִבַּחוּץ. וְאֶחָד בְּלִשְׁכַּת הַקָּרְבָּן, וְאֶחָד בְּלִשְׁכַּת הַפָּרֹכֶת, וְאֶחָד לַאֲחוֹרֵי בֵית הַכַּפֹּרֶת:

In three places the <i>Kohanim</i> stood guard in the Temple: in the Chamber of Avtinas, in the Chamber of <i>Nitsots</i> [sparks] and in the Chamber of Fire. The Levites would [guard] in twenty one places: five [Levites] on the five gates of the Temple Mount, four [Levites] on the four corners [of the Temple Mount walls] from the inside, five [Levites] , on the five gates of the courtyard, four [Levites] on the four corners [of the courtyard] from the outside, one in the Chamber of the Sacrifices, one in the Chamber of the Curtain, and one behind in the Chamber of the Cover [the holy of holies].

אִישׁ הַר הַבַּיִת הָיָה מְחַזֵּר עַל כָּל מִשְׁמָר וּמִשְׁמָר, וַאֲבוּקוֹת דּוֹלְקִין לְפָנָיו, וְכָל מִשְׁמָר שֶׁאֵינוֹ עוֹמֵד, אוֹמֵר לוֹ אִישׁ הַר הַבַּיִת, שָׁלוֹם עָלֶיךָ. נִכָּר שֶׁהוּא יָשֵׁן, חוֹבְטוֹ בְמַקְלוֹ. וּרְשׁוּת הָיָה לוֹ לִשְׂרֹף אֶת כְּסוּתוֹ. וְהֵם אוֹמְרִים, מַה קּוֹל בָּעֲזָרָה. קוֹל בֶּן לֵוִי לוֹקֶה וּבְגָדָיו נִשְׂרָפִין, שֶׁיָּשֵׁן לוֹ עַל מִשְׁמָרוֹ. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר בֶּן יַעֲקֹב אוֹמֵר, פַּעַם אַחַת מָצְאוּ אֶת אֲחִי אִמָּא יָשֵׁן, וְשָׂרְפוּ אֶת כְּסוּתוֹ:

The man [who is in charge] of the Temple Mount would go around to each and every guard. In front of him there were lit torches and any guard who was not standing [on guard], the man of the Temple Mount would say to him [the sleeping guard] "Peace onto you." If it was apparent that he [the guard] was sleeping he would hit him with his stick. He even had permission to burn his [the sleeping guard's] clothes. [If that occurred] they [the people on the outsde] would say "What is that noise in the Temple Courtyard?" [They were told that] it is the voice of a Levi being beaten and whose clothes are being burned because he slept on guard duty. Rebbi Eliezer ben Yaakov says: "They once, found my mother's brother sleeping and they burned his cloak."

חֲמִשָּׁה שְׁעָרִים הָיוּ לְהַר הַבַּיִת. שְׁנֵי שַׁעֲרֵי חֻלְדָּה מִן הַדָּרוֹם, מְשַׁמְּשִׁין כְּנִיסָה וִיצִיאָה. קִיפוֹנוֹס מִן הַמַּעֲרָב, מְשַׁמֵּשׁ כְּנִיסָה וִיצִיאָה. טָדִי מִן הַצָּפוֹן, לֹא הָיָה מְשַׁמֵּשׁ כְּלוּם. שַׁעַר הַמִּזְרָחִי, עָלָיו שׁוּשַׁן הַבִּירָה צוּרָה, שֶׁבּוֹ כֹהֵן גָּדוֹל הַשּׂוֹרֵף אֶת הַפָּרָה וּפָרָה וְכָל מְסַעֲדֶיהָ יוֹצְאִים לְהַר הַמִּשְׁחָה:

There were five gates to the Temple Mount. [The] two Chulda gates in the south, used as entrance and as an exit. Kiponos in the west, used as an entrance and an exit. Tadi in the north, was not used at all. The Eastern Gate, was decorated with Shushan the capital [of Persia], and through it [the gate] the <i>Kohen Gadol</i> would burn the [red] heifer [for the purification ritual] and all those attending to it would exit to the Mount of Anointing [Mount of Olives].

שִׁבְעָה שְׁעָרִים הָיוּ בָעֲזָרָה, שְׁלשָׁה בַצָּפוֹן וּשְׁלשָׁה בַדָּרוֹם וְאֶחָד בַּמִּזְרָח. שֶׁבַּדָּרוֹם, שַׁעַר הַדֶּלֶק. שֵׁנִי לוֹ, שַׁעַר הַבְּכוֹרוֹת. שְׁלִישִׁי לוֹ, שַׁעַר הַמָּיִם. שֶׁבַּמִּזְרָח, שַׁעַר נִקָּנוֹר, וּשְׁתֵּי לְשָׁכוֹת הָיוּ לוֹ, אַחַת מִימִינוֹ וְאַחַת מִשְּׂמֹאלוֹ, אַחַת לִשְׁכַּת פִּנְחָס הַמַּלְבִּישׁ, וְאַחַת לִשְׁכַּת עוֹשֵׂי חֲבִתִּין:

There were seven gates in the Temple Courtyard. Three to the north and three to the south and one to the east. In the south was the Fuel Gate [the wood for the altar was bought in through there]. Second to it was the Gate of the Sacrifice. Third to it was the Water Gate. In the east was the Nikanor gate, and it had two chambers, one on its right and one on its left. One was the chamber of Pinchas the Outfitter, and one was the Chamber of the Makers of the <i>Chavitin</i> [for the <i>Kohen Gadol's</i> daily offering].

וְשֶׁבַּצָּפוֹן, שַׁעַר הַנִּיצוֹץ. וּכְמִין אַכְסַדְרָה הָיָה, וַעֲלִיָּה בְנוּיָה עַל גַּבָּיו, שֶׁהַכֹּהֲנִים שׁוֹמְרִים מִלְמַעְלָן וְהַלְוִיִּם מִלְּמַטָּן, וּפֶתַח הָיָה לוֹ לַחֵיל. שֵׁנִי לוֹ, שַׁעַר הַקָּרְבָּן. שְׁלִישִׁי לוֹ, בֵּית הַמּוֹקֵד:

And in the north, the Gate of <i>Nitsots</i>. And it was [built] like a portico and upon it was built an upper story, where from that the <i> Kohanim</i> guarded from above and the Levites from below. It had a door to the <i>Cheil</i>. Second to it, the Gate of Sacrifice. Third to it,was the Hall of Fire.

וְאַרְבַּע לְשָׁכוֹת הָיוּ בְּבֵית הַמּוֹקֵד, כְּקִיטוֹנוֹת פְּתוּחוֹת לִטְרַקְלִין, שְׁתַּיִם בַּקֹּדֶשׁ וּשְׁתַּיִם בַּחֹל, וְרָאשֵׁי פִסְפָּסִין מַבְדִּילִין בֵּין קֹדֶשׁ לַחֹל. וּמֶה הָיוּ מְשַׁמְּשׁוֹת. מַעֲרָבִית דְּרוֹמִית, הִיא הָיְתָה לִשְׁכַּת טְלָאֵי קָרְבָּן. דְּרוֹמִית מִזְרָחִית, הִיא הָיְתָה לִשְׁכַּת עוֹשֵׂי לֶחֶם הַפָּנִים. מִזְרָחִית צְפוֹנִית, בָּהּ גָּנְזוּ בְנֵי חַשְׁמוֹנַאי אֶת אַבְנֵי הַמִּזְבֵּחַ שֶׁשִּׁקְּצוּם מַלְכֵי יָוָן. צְפוֹנִית מַעֲרָבִית, בָּהּ יוֹרְדִים לְבֵית הַטְּבִילָה:

And there were four chambers in the Hall of Fire, like alcoves opening into an auditorium. Two [of the alcoves] were in a consecrated part [of the Hall of Fire] and two in an unconsecrated part, and the ends of the beams [indicating the boundary] separated between consecrated and unconsecrated. And what were they used for? The southwestern one was the Chamber of the Sacrificial Lambs [blemish-free lambs were stored there]. The southeastern one was the Chamber of the <i>Lechem HaPanim</i> [showbread]. [In] the northeastern one the Hasmoneans hid the stones of the altar that were defiled by the kings of Greece. [Through] the northwestern one they [the <i>Kohanim</i> descended to the Room of Immersion [mikvah].

שְׁנַיִם שְׁעָרִים הָיוּ לְבֵית הַמּוֹקֵד, אֶחָד פָּתוּחַ לַחֵיל וְאֶחָד פָּתוּחַ לָעֲזָרָה. אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוּדָה, זֶה שֶׁהָיָה פָתוּחַ לָעֲזָרָה, פִּשְׁפָּשׁ קָטָן הָיָה לוֹ, שֶׁבּוֹ נִכְנָסִין לִבְלֹשׁ אֶת הָעֲזָרָה:

The Hall of Fire had two gates, one opened to the <i>Cheil</i> and one opened to the courtyard. Rabbi Judah said: the one that was open to the courtyard had a small doorway that they [the <i>Kohanim</i>] would enter through it to observe the courtyard.

בֵּית הַמּוֹקֵד, כִּפָּה, וּבַיִת גָּדוֹל הָיָה, מֻקָּף רוֹבָדִין שֶׁל אֶבֶן, וְזִקְנֵי בֵית אָב יְשֵׁנִים שָׁם, וּמַפְתְּחוֹת הָעֲזָרָה בְּיָדָם, וּפִרְחֵי כְהֻנָּה, אִישׁ כִּסְתּוֹ בָאָרֶץ:

The Hall of Fire was domed, and was a large room, surrounded with ledges of stone, and the elders of the heads of the household would sleep there with the keys to the courtyard in their hands, and the young <i>Kohanim</i> [slept] with their clothing on the ground.

וּמָקוֹם הָיָה שָׁם, אַמָּה עַל אַמָּה, וְטַבְלָא שֶׁל שַׁיִשׁ וְטַבַּעַת הָיְתָה קְבוּעָה בָהּ, וְשַׁלְשֶׁלֶת שֶׁהַמַּפְתְּחוֹת הָיוּ תְלוּיוֹת בָּהּ. הִגִּיעַ זְמַן הַנְּעִילָה, הִגְבִּיהַּ אֶת הַטַּבְלָא בַּטַּבַּעַת וְנָטַל אֶת הַמַּפְתְּחוֹת מִן הַשַּׁלְשֶׁלֶת, וְנָעַל הַכֹּהֵן מִבִּפְנִים, וּבֶן לֵוִי יָשֵׁן לוֹ מִבַּחוּץ. גָּמַר מִלִּנְעֹל, הֶחֱזִיר אֶת הַמַּפְתְּחוֹת לַשַּׁלְשֶׁלֶת וְאֶת הַטַּבְלָא לִמְקוֹמָהּ, נָתַן כְּסוּתוֹ עָלֶיהָ, יָשֵׁן לוֹ. אֵרַע קֶרִי בְּאַחַד מֵהֶם, יוֹצֵא וְהוֹלֵךְ לוֹ בַמְּסִבָּה הַהוֹלֶכֶת תַּחַת הַבִּירָה, וְהַנֵּרוֹת דּוֹלְקִים מִכָּאן וּמִכָּאן, עַד שֶׁהוּא מַגִּיעַ לְבֵית הַטְּבִילָה. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר בֶּן יַעֲקֹב אוֹמֵר, בַּמְּסִבָּה הַהוֹלֶכֶת תַּחַת הַחֵיל יוֹצֵא וְהוֹלֵךְ לוֹ בְּטָדִי:

There was a space there [in the Hall of Fire], one <i>amah</i> [measurement of size] by one <i>amah</i> and there was a tile of marble with a ring installed in it, and a chain that the keys [to the Courtyard] were hanging from. When the time for closing the gates had arrived, [the <i>Kohen</i>] would lift the tile with the ring, and take the keys from the chain, the <i>Kohen</i> would lock the gates from the inside, and a Levite would sleep on the outside. When he had finished locking all the gates, he returned the keys to the chain, and the tile to it's place. He would place his clothes on it [the tile] and go to sleep. If one of them [the <i>Kohanim</i>] experienced a seminal emission [and became impure], he would exit via a tunnel which went under the building, and there were candles lit here and there, until he arrived at the Room of Immersion. Rabbi Eliezer ben Yaakov says: [They would exit] via the tunnel that went under the <i>Cheil</i>, and would exit through the Tedi [Gate].