Maaser Sheni 4

הַמּוֹלִיךְ פֵּרוֹת מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי מִמְּקוֹם הַיֹּקֶר לִמְקוֹם הַזּוֹל, אוֹ מִמְּקוֹם הַזּוֹל לִמְקוֹם הַיֹּקֶר, פּוֹדֵהוּ כְשַׁעַר מְקוֹמוֹ. הַמֵּבִיא פֵרוֹת מִן הַגֹּרֶן לָעִיר, וְכַדֵּי יַיִן מִן הַגַּת לָעִיר, הַשֶּׁבַח לַשֵּׁנִי וִיצִיאוֹת מִבֵּיתוֹ:

One who brings <i>Ma'aser Sheni</i> [second tithe, which must be eaten in Jerusalem] fruits from an expensive place to a cheap place, or from a cheap place to an expensive place, redeems it [the fruits] according to its value at the destination. One who brings fruits from a granary to the city, or jugs of wine from the wine press to the city, the rise in value is <i>Ma'aser Sheni</i> and the expenses come from his house.

פּוֹדִין מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי בְּשַׁעַר הַזּוֹל, כְּמוֹת שֶׁהַחֶנְוָנִי לוֹקֵחַ, לֹא כְמוֹת שֶׁהוּא מוֹכֵר. כְּמוֹת שֶׁהַשֻּׁלְחָנִי פוֹרֵט, וְלֹא כְמוֹת שֶׁהוּא מְצָרֵף. וְאֵין פּוֹדִין מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי אַכְסָרָה. אֶת שֶׁדָּמָיו יְדוּעִים, יִפָּדֶה עַל פִּי עֵד אֶחָד. וְאֶת שֶׁאֵין דָּמָיו יְדוּעִים, יִפָּדֶה עַל פִּי שְׁלֹשָׁה, כְּגוֹן הַיַּיִן שֶׁקָּרַם וּפֵרוֹת שֶׁהִרְקִיבוּ וּמָעוֹת שֶׁהֶחֱלִיאוּ:

One may redeem <i>Ma'aser Sheni</i> according to its cheapest value, in the manner that the storekeeper pays, not in the manner that he sells. In the manner that the money changer splits [coins], not in the manner that he puts [them] together. One may not redeem <i>Ma'aser Sheni</i> by estimate. If its cost is known it may be redeemed based on one (witness), and if its cost is not known it may be redeemed based on three [witnesses], for example wine that has formed a skin, fruit that spoiled, and coins that have become rusty.

בַּעַל הַבַּיִת אוֹמֵר בְּסֶלַע וְאַחֵר אוֹמֵר בְּסֶלַע, בַּעַל הַבַּיִת קוֹדֵם, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא מוֹסִיף חֹמֶשׁ. בַּעַל הַבַּיִת אוֹמֵר בְּסֶלַע וְאַחֵר אוֹמֵר בְּסֶלַע וְאִסָּר, אֶת שֶׁל סֶלַע וְאִסָּר קוֹדֵם, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא מוֹסִיף עַל הַקֶּרֶן. הַפּוֹדֶה מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי שֶׁלּוֹ, מוֹסִיף עָלָיו חֲמִשִּׁית, בֵּין שֶׁהוּא שֶׁלּוֹ וּבֵין שֶׁנִּתַּן לוֹ בְּמַתָּנָה:

If the owner says, "[I will redeem the <i>Ma'aser Sheni</i>] with a <i>Selah</i> [specific unit of money]," and another person [also] says, "With a <i>Selah</i>," the owner receives precedence, since he will add one fifth. If the owner says, "With a <i>Selah</i>," and another person says, "With a <i>Selah</i> and an <i>Issar</i> [specific unit of money]," the one who offers the <i>Selah</i> and <i>Issar</i> receives precedence, since he is adding to the principal amount. Someone who redeems his own <i>Ma'aser Sheni</i> adds one fifth, whether it is his own or has been given to him as a gift.

מַעֲרִימִין עַל מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי. כֵּיצַד, אוֹמֵר אָדָם לִבְנוֹ וּלְבִתּוֹ הַגְּדוֹלִים, לְעַבְדּוֹ וּלְשִׁפְחָתוֹ הָעִבְרִים, הֵילָךְ מָעוֹת אֵלּוּ וּפְדֵה לָךְ מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי זֶה. אֲבָל לֹא יֹאמַר כֵּן לִבְנוֹ וּלְבִתּוֹ הַקְּטַנִּים, לְעַבְדּוֹ וּלְשִׁפְחָתוֹ הַכְּנַעֲנִים, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁיָּדָן כְּיָדוֹ:

One may cheat on <i>Ma'aser Sheni</i>. How so? A man may say to his adult son or daughter, or to his Hebrew manservant or maidservant: "Take these coins and redeem for yourself this <i>Ma'aser Sheni</i>." But he may not say so to his young son or daughter or to his Canaanite manservant or maidservant, because their hand is an extension of his own hand.

הָיָה עוֹמֵד בַּגֹּרֶן וְאֵין בְּיָדוֹ מָעוֹת, אוֹמֵר לַחֲבֵרוֹ, הֲרֵי הַפֵּרוֹת הָאֵלּוּ נְתוּנִים לָךְ בְּמַתָּנָה. חוֹזֵר וְאוֹמֵר, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ מְחֻלָּלִין עַל מָעוֹת שֶׁבַּבָּיִת:

If he is standing on the threshing floor and has no coins in hand, he may say to his friend: "These fruits are hereby given to you as a gift." Then he can go on to say, "These are hereby redeemed with my coins that are at home."

מָשַׁךְ מִמֶּנּוּ מַעֲשֵׂר בְּסֶלַע, וְלֹא הִסְפִּיק לִפְדּוֹתוֹ עַד שֶׁעָמַד בִּשְׁתַּיִם, נוֹתֵן לוֹ סֶלַע, וּמִשְׂתַּכֵּר בְּסֶלַע, וּמַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי שֶׁלּוֹ. מָשַׁךְ מִמֶּנּוּ מַעֲשֵׂר בִּשְׁתַּיִם, וְלֹא הִסְפִּיק לִפְדּוֹתוֹ עַד שֶׁעָמַד בְּסֶלַע, נוֹתֵן לוֹ סֶלַע מֵחֻלִּין וְסֶלַע שֶׁל מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי שֶׁלּוֹ. אִם הָיָה עַם הָאָרֶץ, נוֹתֵן לוֹ מִדְּמָאי:

If he withdrew from him tithe worth a <i>Selah</i> but did not redeem it until the value changed to two [<i>Selah</i>], he must pay him one <i>Selah</i> and profits one <i>Selah</i>, and the <i>Ma'aser Sheni</i> is his. If he withdrew from him tithe worth two <i>Selah</i> but did not redeem it until the value changed to one <i>Selah</i>, he must pay him one <i>Selah</i> of <i>Chulin</i> [non-sacred produce], and the <i>Selah</i> of <i>Ma'aser Sheni</i> is his. If he is an <i>Am Ha'aretz</i> [one who is lax in observing tithes and purity laws], one gives him from <i>Demai</i> [produce from which it is uncertain if tithes were already taken].

הַפּוֹדֶה מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי וְלֹא קָרָא שֵׁם, רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, דַּיּוֹ. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, צָרִיךְ לְפָרֵשׁ. הָיָה מְדַבֵּר עִם הָאִשָּׁה עַל עִסְקֵי גִטָּהּ וְקִדּוּשֶׁיהָ, וְנָתַן לָהּ גִּטָּהּ וְקִדּוּשֶׁיהָ וְלֹא פֵרֵשׁ, רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, דַּיּוֹ. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, צָרִיךְ לְפָרֵשׁ:

One who redeems <i>Ma'aser Sheni</i> but does not announce its name - Rabbi Yosi says, this is sufficient. Rabbi Yehuda says, one must articulate it. If he was speaking with a woman about matters of her divorce document or her marriage, and then gave her her divorce document or marriage [money] and did not articulate it, Rabbi Yosi says, this is sufficient. Rabbi Yehuda says, one must state it verbally.

הַמַּנִּיחַ אִסָּר וְאָכַל עָלָיו חֶצְיוֹ, וְהָלַךְ לְמָקוֹם אַחֵר וַהֲרֵי הוּא יֹצֵא בְּפֻנְדְּיוֹן, אוֹכֵל עָלָיו עוֹד אִסָּר. הַמַּנִּיחַ פֻּנְדְּיוֹן וְאָכַל עָלָיו חֶצְיוֹ, וְהָלַךְ לְמָקוֹם אַחֵר וַהֲרֵי הוּא יוֹצֵא בְּאִסָּר, אֹכֵל עָלָיו עוֹד פְּלָג. הַמַּנִּיחַ אִסָּר שֶׁל מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי, אוֹכֵל עָלָיו אַחַד עָשָׂר בְּאִסָּר וְאֶחָד מִמֵּאָה בְּאִסָּר. בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, הַכֹּל עֲשָׂרָה. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, בַּוַּדַּאי אַחַד עָשָׂר, וּבַדְּמַאי עֲשָׂרָה:

One who sets aside an <i>Issar</i> [for the redemption of <i>Ma'aser Sheni</i>], and on its account ate [<i>Ma'aser Sheni</i> the value of] half of it, and went to another place where [the <i>Ma'aser Sheni</i>] was worth a <i>Fundyon</i> [specific unit of money], he may eat on its account another <i>Issar</i> [of <i>Ma'aser Sheni</i>]. One who sets aside a <i>Fundyon</i> [for the redemption of <i>Ma'aser Sheni</i>], and on its account ate [<i>Ma'aser Sheni</i> the value of] half of it, and went to another place where [the <i>Ma'aser Sheni</i>] was worth an <i>Issar</i>, he may eat on its account another half [of a <i>Fundyon</i>]. One who sets aside an <i>Issar</i> of <i>Ma'aser Sheni</i>, should eat on its account eleven parts of the value of an <i>Issar</i>, or [he should eat an additional] one hundredth of an <i>Issar</i>. Beit Shammai says: in both cases one tenth part. But Beit Hillel says: in the case of <i>Vadai</i> [produce from which it is certain that tithes were already taken] an eleventh part, and in the case of <i>Demai</i> a tenth part.

כָּל הַמָּעוֹת הַנִּמְצָאִים, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ חֻלִּין, אֲפִלּוּ דִּינַר זָהָב עִם הַכֶּסֶף וְעִם הַמָּעוֹת. מָצָא בְתוֹכָן חֶרֶשׂ וְכָתוּב עָלָיו מַעֲשֵׂר, הֲרֵי זֶה מַעֲשֵׂר:

All coins that are found, behold they are <i>Chulin</i>, even gold <i>Dinar</i> [specific unit of money, mixed] with silver and with coins. If he finds among them a pottery sherd and upon it is written, "Tithes," behold this is tithes.

הַמּוֹצֵא כְלִי וְכָתוּב עָלָיו קָרְבָּן, רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, אִם הָיָה שֶׁל חֶרֶס, הוּא חֻלִּין וּמַה שֶּׁבְּתוֹכוֹ קָרְבָּן. וְאִם הָיָה שֶׁל מַתֶּכֶת, הוּא קָרְבָּן וּמַה שֶּׁבְּתוֹכוֹ חֻלִּין. אָמְרוּ לוֹ, אֵין דֶּרֶךְ בְּנֵי אָדָם לִהְיוֹת כּוֹנְסִין חֻלִּין לְקָרְבָּן:

One who finds a vessel and upon it is written, "Sacrifice," Rabbi Yehuda says, if it is made of clay, it is <i>Chulin</i> and what is inside of it is a sacrifice. If it is made of metal, it is a sacrifice and what is inside of it is <i>Chulin</i>. They said to him: It is not the way of men to gather <i>Chulin</i> in a sacrifice.

הַמּוֹצֵא כְלִי וְכָתוּב עָלָיו קוּ"ף, קָרְבָּן. מ', מַעֲשֵׂר. ד', דְּמַאי. ט', טֶבֶל. ת', תְּרוּמָה, שֶׁבִּשְׁעַת סַכָּנָה הָיוּ כוֹתְבִין ת' תַּחַת תְּרוּמָה. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, כֻּלָּם שְׁמוֹת בְּנֵי אָדָם הֵם. אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹסֵי, אֲפִלּוּ מָצָא חָבִית וְהִיא מְלֵאָה פֵרוֹת וְכָתוּב עָלֶיהָ תְּרוּמָה, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ חֻלִּין, שֶׁאֲנִי אוֹמֵר אֶשְׁתָּקַד הָיְתָה מְלֵאָה פֵרוֹת תְּרוּמָה, וּפִנָּהּ:

One who finds a vessel and upon it is written "<i>Kuf</i>" [Hebrew letter, which begins the Hebrew word for sacrifice], it is a sacrifice. [If it has a] "<i>Mem</i>" [Hebrew letter, which begins the Hebrew word for tithes], it is tithes. [If it has a] "<i>Daled</i>" [Hebrew letter], it is <i>Demai</i>. [If it has a] "<i>Tet</i>" [Hebrew letter], it is <i>Tevel</i> [untithed produce]. [If it has a] "<i>Taf</i>" [Hebrew letter], it is <i>Terumah</i> [produce consecrated for priestly consumption], for at a dangerous time they would write "<i>Taf</i>" instead of "<i>Terumah</i>." Rabbi Yossi says that these are all [initials for] the names of people. Rabbi Yossi said, "Even if one found a barrel and it is full of fruit and upon it is written, "<i>Terumah</i>," these are <i>Chulin</i>, because I say that it was last filled with <i>Terumah</i> fruit, and he emptied [them]."

הָאוֹמֵר לִבְנוֹ, מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי בְּזָוִית זוֹ, וּמָצָא בְזָוִית אַחֶרֶת, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ חֻלִּין. הָיָה שָׁם מָנֶה וּמָצָא מָאתַיִם, הַשְּׁאָר חֻלִּין. מָאתַיִם וּמָצָא מָנֶה, הַכֹּל מַעֲשֵׂר:

One who says to his son, “<i>Ma'aser Sheni</i> is in this corner,” but [the son] found [produce] in another corner, these are <i>Chulin</i>. [One who says to his son,] "There was there a <i>Maneh</i> [specific unit of weight, of <i>Ma'aser Sheni</i>]," but [the son] found two <i>Maneh</i>, the remainder is <i>Chulin</i>. [If he said,] "Two <i>Maneh</i>," and the son found one <i>Maneh</i>, it is all tithes.