Kelim 25

כָּל הַכֵּלִים יֵשׁ לָהֶם אֲחוֹרַיִם וָתוֹךְ, כְּגוֹן הַכָּרִים וְהַכְּסָתוֹת וְהַשַּׂקִּין וְהַמַּרְצוּפִין, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי יְהוּדָה. רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר, כֹּל שֶׁיֶּשׁ לוֹ תוֹבְרוֹת, יֶשׁ לוֹ אֲחוֹרַיִם וָתוֹךְ. וְכֹל שֶׁאֵין לוֹ תוֹבְרוֹת, אֵין לוֹ אֲחוֹרַיִם וָתוֹךְ. הַשֻּׁלְחָן וְהַדְּלֻפְקִי, יֵשׁ לָהֶם אֲחוֹרַיִם וָתוֹךְ, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי יְהוּדָה. רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר, אֵין לָהֶם אֲחוֹרָיִם. וְכֵן טַבְלָא שֶׁאֵין לָהּ לִזְבֵּז:

All vessels have [a distinction, with regard to purity status, between their] outsides and insides, for instance: cushions, and blankets, and sacks, and packing-bags, according to Rabbi Yehuda. Rabbi Meir says: anything which has loops [through which to thread a drawstring] has [such a distinction, with regard to purity status, between its] outsides and insides; but any which does not have loops, does not have [such a distinction between its] outsides and insides. A table and a serving table have [such a distinction between their] outsides and insides, according to Rabbi Yehuda. Rabbi Meir says: they do not have outsides [i.e. they have no such distinction]. And similarly regarding a board that has no rim.

הַמַּרְדֵּעַ יֶשׁ לוֹ אֲחוֹרַיִם וָתוֹךְ, מִשִּׁבְעָה לַחַרְחוּר, מֵאַרְבָּעָה לַדָּרְבָן, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי יְהוּדָה. רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר, אֵין לָהֶם, לֹא הֻזְכְּרוּ אַרְבָּעָה וְשִׁבְעָה אֶלָּא לַשְּׁיָרִים:

An cattle-prod has [a distinction, with regard to purity status, between its] outsides and insides: the seven [handbreadths] from the spade [attached to the back end of the prod, are considered to be the outside], and the four [handbreadths] from [the pointed end of] the prod [are considered to be the inside], according to Rabbi Yehuda. Rabbi Meir says: they do not have [such a distinction]; the four and the seven were only mentioned for the purposes of remnants [i.e. if it breaks, these are measures of how much must remain in order for it to still be considered an implement, for purity purposes].

מִדּוֹת יַיִן וָשֶׁמֶן, וְזוֹמָא לִסְטְרָא, וּמְסַנֶּנֶת שֶׁל חַרְדָּל, וּמְשַׁמֶּרֶת שֶׁל יַיִן, יֶשׁ לָהֶן אֲחוֹרַיִם וָתוֹךְ, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, אֵין לָהֶם. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, יֶשׁ לָהֶם. נִטְמְאוּ מֵאֲחוֹרֵיהֶן, מַה שֶּׁבְּתוֹכָן טָהוֹר, וְצָרִיךְ לְהַטְבִּיל:

Measuring cups for wine or oil, and a fork-ladle, and a mustard-strainer, and a wine-filter all have [a distinction, with regard to purity status, between their] insides and outsides, according to Rabbi Meir. Rabbi Yehuda says: they do not have [such a distinction]. Rabbi Shimon says: they do have [such a distinction], for if they are rendered impure from their outsides, that which is inside them is pure; and one is required to immerse [the vessel in its entirety, in order to purity it].

הָרֹבַע וַחֲצִי הָרֹבַע, נִטְמָא הָרֹבַע, לֹא נִטְמָא חֲצִי הָרֹבַע. נִטְמָא חֲצִי הָרֹבַע, לֹא נִטְמָא הָרֹבַע. אָמְרוּ לִפְנֵי רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא, הוֹאִיל וַחֲצִי הָרֹבַע אֲחוֹרַיִם לָרֹבַע, כְּלִי שֶׁנִּטְמָא תוֹכוֹ לֹא נִטְמְאוּ אֲחוֹרָיו. אָמַר לָהֶן, שֶׁל כַּת קוֹדְמִין הִיא, אוֹ שֶׁמָּא הָרֹבַע אֲחוֹרַיִם לַחֲצִי הָרֹבַע, כְּלִי שֶׁנִּטְמְאוּ אֲחוֹרָיו, לֹא נִטְמָא תוֹכוֹ:

Regarding a [vessel which has two sections in which can be measured a] <i>rova</i> [a specific measure of volume, a quarter of a <i>log</i>] and a half <i>rova</i>, if the <i>rova</i> [section] was rendered impure, the half <i>rova</i> [section] is not rendered impure; if the half <i>rova</i> was rendered impure, the <i>rova</i> is not rendered impure. They [i.e. the students] said before Rabbi Akiva, "Since the half <i>rova</i> is the outside of the <i>rova</i>, should not the outside of a vessel whose inside was rendered impure [thereby also] be rendered impure?" He said to them, "Is it surely of the former category? Or perhaps the <i>rova</i> is the outside of the half <i>rova</i>, and regarding a vessel the outsides of which were rendered impure, its insides are not rendered impure!"

נִטְמָא הָרֹבַע, הָרֹבַע וַאֲחוֹרָיו טְמֵאִין, חֲצִי הָרֹבַע וַאֲחוֹרָיו טְהוֹרִין. נִטְמָא חֲצִי הָרֹבַע, חֲצִי הָרֹבַע וַאֲחוֹרָיו טְמֵאִין, הָרֹבַע וַאֲחוֹרָיו טְהוֹרִין. נִטְמְאוּ אֲחוֹרֵי הָרֹבַע, אֲחוֹרֵי חֲצִי הָרֹבַע טְהוֹרִין, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, אֵין חוֹלְקִין אֶת הַגַּבָּיִין. וּכְשֶׁהוּא מַטְבִּיל, מַטְבִּיל אֶת כֻּלּוֹ:

If the [inside of the] <i>rova</i> [measure] was rendered impure, the <i>rova</i> and its outsides are impure, [and] the half <i>rova</i> and its outsides are pure. If the [inside of the] half <i>rova</i> was rendered impure, the half <i>rova</i> and its outsides are impure, [and] the <i>rova</i> and its outsides are pure. If the outsides of the <i>rova</i> were rendered impure, the outsides of the half <i>rova</i> are pure, according to Rabbi Meir. And the Sages say: the outer sides cannot be divided [in purity status]. And when one immerses it [for purification], he must immerse it in its entirety.

כַּנֵּי כֵלִים, וְאֹגְנֵיהֶם, וְאָזְנֵיהֶם, וִידוֹת הַכֵּלִים הַמְקַבְּלִים, שֶׁנָּפְלוּ עֲלֵיהֶן מַשְׁקִין, מְנַגְּבָן וְהֵם טְהוֹרִים. וּשְׁאָר כָּל הַכֵּלִים (שֶׁאֵינָם יְכוֹלִין לְקַבֵּל רִמּוֹנִים), שֶׁאֵין לָהֶם אֲחוֹרַיִם וָתוֹךְ, שֶׁנָּפְלוּ מַשְׁקִין עַל מִקְצָתוֹ, כֻּלּוֹ טָמֵא. כְּלִי שֶׁנִּטְמְאוּ אֲחוֹרָיו בְּמַשְׁקִין, אֲחוֹרָיו טְמֵאִים, תּוֹכוֹ וְאֹגְנוֹ וְאָזְנוֹ וְיָדָיו טְהוֹרִין. נִטְמָא תוֹכוֹ, כֻּלּוֹ טָמֵא:

Regarding the bases of vessels, and their rims, and their hangers, and the handles of vessels that can contain [thnig], if [impure] liquids fell onto them, one may dry them and they are pure. And regarding all remaining vessels, which cannot [even] hold pomegranates, which do not have [a distinction between their] insides and outsides, if [impure] liquids fell on a part of it, it is rendered impure in its entirety. If the outsides of a vessel were rendered impure by liquids, its outsides are impure; its insides, its rim, its hanger, and its handle are pure. If its inside was rendered impure, it is impure in its entirety.

כָּל הַכֵּלִים יֶשׁ לָהֶן אֲחוֹרַיִם וָתוֹךְ, וְיֶשׁ לָהֶם בֵּית צְבִיעָה. רַבִּי טַרְפוֹן אוֹמֵר, לַעֲרֵבָה גְדוֹלָה שֶׁל עֵץ. רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, לְכוֹסוֹת. רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר, לְיָדַיִם הַטְּמֵאוֹת וְהַטְּהוֹרוֹת. אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹסֵי, לֹא אָמְרוּ אֶלָּא לְיָדַיִם הַטְּהוֹרוֹת בִּלְבָד:

All vessels have [a distinction, with regard to purity status, between their] outsides and insides and a [similar distinction for their] holding-place. Rabbi Tarfon says: [this is the case] regarding a trough. Rabbi Akiva says: regarding cups. Rabbi Meir says: [the distinction of a holding-place was only said] regarding impure and pure hands. Rabbi Yose says: they said this only regarding pure hands.

כֵּיצַד. הָיוּ יָדָיו טְהוֹרוֹת וַאֲחוֹרֵי הַכּוֹס טְמֵאִים, אֲחָזוֹ בְּבֵית צְבִיעָתוֹ, אֵינוֹ חוֹשֵׁשׁ שֶׁמָּא נִטְמְאוּ יָדָיו בַּאֲחוֹרֵי הַכּוֹס. הָיָה שׁוֹתֶה בְכוֹס שֶׁאֲחוֹרָיו טְמֵאִים, אֵינוֹ חוֹשֵׁשׁ שֶׁמָּא נִטְמָא הַמַּשְׁקֶה שֶׁבְּפִיו בַּאֲחוֹרֵי הַכּוֹס וְחָזַר וְטִמֵּא הַכּוֹס. קֻמְקוּם שֶׁהוּא מַרְתִּיחַ, אֵינוֹ חוֹשֵׁשׁ שֶׁמָּא יָצְאוּ מַשְׁקִין מִתּוֹכוֹ וְנָגְעוּ בַאֲחוֹרָיו וְחָזְרוּ לְתוֹכוֹ:

How so? If one's hands were pure, and the outsides of a cup were impure, one who grasps it by its holding-place need not be concerned that his hands may have been rendered impure by the outsides of the cup. If one was drinking from a cup whose outsides were impure, he need not be concerned that the liquids in his mouth may have been rendered impure by the outsides of the cup, and then gone on to render [the inside of] the cup impure. Regarding a boiling kettle [whose outsides are impure], one need not be concerned that liquids may have emerged from it and touched its outsides and then returned to its inside [and rendered it impure].

כְּלֵי הַקֹּדֶשׁ אֵין לָהֶם אֲחוֹרַיִם וָתוֹךְ, וְאֵין לָהֶם בֵּית צְבִיעָה. וְאֵין מַטְבִּילִים כֵּלִים בְתוֹךְ כֵּלִים לְקֹדֶשׁ. כָּל הַכֵּלִים יוֹרְדִין לִידֵי טֻמְאָתָן בְּמַחֲשָׁבָה, וְאֵינָן עוֹלִים מִידֵי טֻמְאָתָן אֶלָּא בְשִׁנּוּי מַעֲשֶׂה, שֶׁהַמַּעֲשֶׂה מְבַטֵּל מִיַּד הַמַּעֲשֶׂה וּמִיַּד מַחֲשָׁבָה, וּמַחֲשָׁבָה אֵינָהּ מְבַטֶּלֶת לֹא מִיַּד מַעֲשֶׂה וְלֹא מִיַּד מַחֲשָׁבָה:

Sacred vessels do not have [a distinction, with regard to purity status, between their] outsides and insides, nor do they have a [similar distinction for their] holding-place. And one may not immerse vessels within vessels [such that they can be used] for [handling] sacred things [i.e. rather each vessel must be immersed independently in order to achieve the required level of purity]. All vessels may descend to impurity [status] through intentional thought, but they may only rise out of their impurity through a change-effecting action; for an action may annul [the effects of] an action or an intentional thought, but an intentional thought cannot annul [the effects of] either an action nor an intentional thought.